Category Archives: “angryindian

Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Sambo: One African’s Thoughts on the Subject of Black Self-Colonialism

‘My father was a mulatto, my grandfather was a Negro, and my great-grandfather a monkey. You see, Sir, my family starts where yours ends’.

Alexandre Dumas (pere)  –

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I find it tiresome and perhaps an obvious point to make in 2012 but it still remains to be said — and as often as it is deemed necessary to do so by its victims — that the United States of America and Canada, as national entities, are by royal fiat, racist nation-states no less xenophobic and no less vicious than any other country that has ever used ‘race’ as a social barometer. This is an incontestable fact and it endures as a matter of the established international public record. Neither North American country can truthfully claim to ever being race-neutral or culturally deferent to Africans, (or Indigenous American Nations for that matter) without being historically revisionist about how Europeans came to gain control over the Americas in the first place.

The practise of Europocentric settler racism, as it has developed in the Americas, is a direct result of White colonialist ideas about White Exceptionalism, not the cause. It must be clearly understood, if we are at all serious about dealing with the subject, that Europeans did not decide to wipe out First Nations Peoples in order to occupy the Americas simply because they hated ‘Injuns’, or that they to imported African slave labour simply because they did not like ‘Niggers’. The reason the European powers invaded Africa and the Americas was to steal the land and to profit from its natural resources. The fact that there were people living in these regions in relative peace was simply a colonial challenge to be overcome with racist ingenuity and if necessary, the blunt-end of a rifle across the temple. The end of one story, and the beginning of another. The question then becomes which version of the true account will be added to the establishment record.

Let’s be objective here if we can for a moment. A difficult, but possible process. The slavery and genocide of Native and imported Indigenous peoples, for the colonialist, was a progressive use of all known available materials. Not simply racial malice. They did not know enough about Indigenous Peoples in North America or Indigenous Africans to have a rational dislike for them. For capitalism, the humanity of the victims be damned when balanced against the rising cost of colonial or imperial business. Material profit, and material profit only, was the sole driving force behind European expansionism. And when it became necessary to enslave Indigenous Peoples for the sake of free labour or to wipe out entire populations to ensure effective Euro-settler Lebenstraumpolitik, racism then became a indispensable methodology. Not before.

If this is the case, and it very well is in a world totally dominated by free-market capitalism, we should not act surprised that exploitation in any form exists today. Capitalism itself is exploitation via economics, no? And it is often racist because the very concept of race itself is a form of human exploitation that has been very useful to the European-based free-market system.1 This is precisely why people who contend that racism is over do so at the serious risk of exposing themselves as either hapless political nebbishes, or mute and yielding White supremacist enablers meekly succumbing to Europocentric tribalism out of group solidarity. This is if one were to really get to the heart of the matter. As the saying goes, ‘White makes Right’. And any way you look at it, people who wish to vociferously deny that the European settler societies constructed in the Americas have not actively and belligerently struggled to remain ‘White’ in form, function and substance do so without an ounce of personal integrity, historical accuracy or moral regard for the victims, past or present.

The grandly erroneous accusation, that non-Whites are ultimately responsible for their own disenfranchisement and sociopolitical poverty in White societies, is simply not true. And this is fundamentally why events like ‘Black History Month’ cannot, in any logical sense, be regarded as anything other than grand acts of willful self-deception. The essential deceit being the claim that the African, or any other non-Western European group for that matter, has ever really enjoyed a dignified place within the Euro-settler American collective consciousness without first having to fight for it. And almost no one who believes that they have a stake in the extant status quo will discuss this in honest terms. Chiefly because the White mainstream is resistant to our inclusion and is still not prepared to admit this. Even then, after generations of working for and with Whites, after fighting for them and dying side-by-side with them in every war they have ever undertaken, rightly or wrongly, White people still cannot explain in clear terms why Africans and other minorities are still not fully accepted. Not without resorting to the Aryan fantasy narrative of the European ‘Master Race’.

‘The first man who, having fenced in a piece of land, said “This is mine,” and found people naïve enough to believe him, that man was the true founder of civil society. From how many crimes, wars, and murders, from how many horrors and misfortunes might not any one have saved mankind, by pulling up the stakes, or filling up the ditch, and crying to his fellows: Beware of listening to this impostor; you are undone if you once forget that the fruits of the earth belong to us all, and the earth itself to nobody’.

  —  Jean-Jacques Rousseau  –

For those of us who are concerned with universal human and civil rights, the exaggerated claims of superior European morality is without question the last vestige of the latent tribalisms of the last century. And now that the much lauded, albeit fairly parochial, colonialist observance of African history in White North America is officially over, let us finally turn towards the necessary dialogue that should have taken place this past February in North America but as usual, did not.

What should be a period of respectful reflection of African survival under immensely extraordinary circumstances has in practise been used as a tool by the White establishment to ideologically reinforce the misleading perception that Euro-settler racial domination over Africans in the Americas is justified, divinely moralistic and historically inevitable. And what is perhaps far worse, is the ugly reality that mainstream African communities in the US and Canada continue to willfully participate in this blatant act of ethnic subjugation.

The artificial societal importance given towards the historical role of the African in the Americas for just one month, the shortest in fact out of each year, is at its root a backhanded insult that has successfully managed to masquerade itself as a profound, if tardy, compliment to its former slave population. When stripped of its fancy verbiage and celebrity showboating, events like ‘Black History Month’ are nothing more than crude, ahistorical exercises in White supremacist revisionism and internalised Euro-settler racist paranoia. To be blunt, they are romantic, anachronistic flashbacks to the past, when White men ruled without the need to explain themselves and Negroes, ‘Indians’, Asians and women instinctively ‘knew’ their respective places in the social pecking order.

According to the accepted rhetorical paradigm of the observance, the central theme behind ‘Black History Month’ is supposed to be a national, race-neutral acknowledgement of the African in the Americas and his significant achievements as a congregate within the American-settler Europocentric social fabric. While this civilized objective is indeed fundamentally important in order for modern society to move forward, it is equally important, and entirely fair, that we also include the appropriate critical questions that will soberly address what actually happened to African Peoples after First Contact with Europeans. And then, how this lead to the creation of an Afro-Diaspora in the ‘New World’.

Sure, it is explained in very objective terms that the Transatlantic Slave Trade brought millions of Indigenous Africans to the Americas, but the question as to why Africans were enslaved in the first place is never really investigated. Neither is the part European religious beliefs still play in rationalising the ongoing genocide of Africans in the Diaspora and other Indigenous Peoples. Nor is the continuing marginalisation and exploitation of the survivors who still, arguably, struggle against their own best interests by fighting tooth and nail to ‘belong’ to a society that has made it clear that it does not really want them included.

These matters are of some importance if we are at all serious about truly respecting both African Peoples and the genuine history of all the people who make up the human complexity of the modern Americas. But within the rapidly intensifying Orwellian culture that is 21st century Pax Americana, the usage of blatant lies about its origins are accorded with rapt appreciation and its darker truths are derided with significant emotive scorn. And despite the enormous catalog of documented, verifiable evidence of the corporeal damage incurred by Africans and other non-European Peoples in the Americas due to White European exploitation, abuse and marginalisation, there is very little critical, mainstream dissent from the standard legend that attempts to explain the settling of the Americas as an innocuous and progressive event in human history. What happened to the victims is not an issue anyone wants to discuss at length.

This is especially true when the issue of racism is raised in regards to the sociopolitical development of the forcibly Europeanised Americas. When popular rationalisations are raised to proclaim racism a ‘thing of the past’, we must ask ourselves as a society, what and who’s ‘past’ are they actually referring to? And how credible is it to state, even in this age, that racial prejudice is no longer a factor in modern life? And even more to the point, what is their evidence, if there is any, to support such an argument? And if racism is really a matter of past ignorances, why are modern neo-conservative politicians and activist lobbies fighting to legally remove Euro-settler abuses from the established historical record? And, if they as concerned about African people as they claim to be, why are they using underhanded methods, populist bullying and flat-out distortions to achieve their goals?2

In brutally frank terms, because the peaceful, race-neutral, culturally-inclusive, entrepreneurial Christian, Euro-settler tale at the centre of the White American genesis story is an exalted fib. It isn’t serious. In more concrete terms, it is a crude, bully-boy American version of the Nazi government’s conscious usage of the propagandistic gimmick Adolf Hitler termed as the ‘Big Lie’, and it is no less poisonous than anything continental European fascism ever dared attempt during the last century.

The ability to control what is accepted by the people as authentic history is a powerful dynamic in human communication. What is not documented is generally not remembered or valued. And if the African man and woman had ever really meant anything at all to the European, there would be no need for such an observation in order to ‘correct’ centuries of conscious dismissal of his reality. The observance proves that the African in the western mind exists as a cipher. His humanity and his heroic and lonely struggle to survive and adapt to his horrific treatment by the ‘better’ nations of the world is the lost story of a forever marginalised people. Hated, even by themselves. There is, of course, an elementary reason for this conundrum if one is inclined to look at the world soberly in order to try and understand it as it is. And it only takes some minimal mental effort to determine why these issues remain touchy in this contemporary period of post-World War Two, multicultural ‘enlightenment’.

From here we can move beyond the semantic discord of 1930’s and 40’s Germany and fast forward to the Cold War ‘action intellectuals’ of the United States to help us determine if a scientific pattern of pro-White propaganda could indeed exist. There are numerous examples we can itemize but for brevity’s sake, let’s examine one particular American Exceptionalist theorist who openly suggested that the US needed to employ a grand fraud to buttress its contemptible, colonialist history and international aims.

American academic Leo Strauss was a German-born intellectual who openly advocated for the application of what he termed the ‘Noble Lie’, an official US narrative that would provide the preferable view of government and society the elite classes wished for the public to believe. Mr. Strauss, a quintessential corporatist ‘American’ thinker, went much farther than the Nazis in that his version of state propaganda was intended for both domestic and foreign distribution. The Nazis, at the time, were much more concerned with the sentiments of the rank-and-file German public, not world opinion. They knew by 1932 that most of the US and British economic elite were silently sympathetic to their movement, (Hitler was Time Magazine’s ‘Man of the Year’ in 19333 and Fortune’s in 1934 ) so they needed only to concentrate their efforts on shaping minds at home.

Strauss however went much further. He taught the Americans , after having witnessed the successes of Goebbels’ misinformation service, to make use of conscious pro-Europocentric propaganda on all fronts4. Thereby, solidifying the myths they wished to be absorbed, like the racist lunacy of Manifest Destiny, across a broad canvas. In doing this, the state’s deceptions could be reverberated across the world, giving domestic dissenters the added pressure of having to refute foreign sources of information that supported the intentional falsehoods of the national position. Thus, the official lies of the establishment become verifiable ‘facts’ supported by numbers, not reality. And the general public is falsely lead to ‘believe’ that they have earned a solid understanding of the ways of the world.

We all must we willing to accept that our personal perceptions and attitudes are largely shaped by intellectual limitations. Meaning, that we know what we know because of either direct personal experience, or because we have been taught a particular perspective by an authoritative body that we assume to be honest with us. This is why arguments about race-neutrality in the Americas are so disturbing. It isn’t true. But such ideas do however represent a necessary emotional pillow for the subjugated African population and a ‘rational’ ideological structure to justify the inequitable realities of pro-White sociopolitical biases and controls over American civil society.

This is why observances such as ‘Black history Month’ are not, in truth, about ‘Black People’ at all, but about White-on-Black genocide and the revolting European practise of institutionalised African material, personal and cultural exploitation. It is a holiday that praises the enforced ethnic subjugation of African Peoples to a European cultural model that by default places Africans at the very bottom of the social pecking order. Having said that, it is also practical to state here that when the US and Canadian governments finally did decide to officially recognise assimilated African, or ‘Black’ history, they only did so strictly within terms that suited their particular needs and goals, not the legitimate historical demands that are at the very heart of the African struggle in the Americas. A struggle that this purported ‘observance’ is supposed to respectfully represent.

Events such as BHM, when examined with an investigative and dispassionate eye, are revealed to have very little to do with African people at all and more to do with what European exploitation has done to the African in the Diaspora. It is in truth, a celebration of the ‘breaking’ of the African mind, body and spirit under the hateful yoke of xenophobic, pro-European cultural chauvinism. It is a revolting, unambiguously racist affront that smugly commemorates the authoritarian Europeanisation of the Indigenous African, not the promise of an equitable historical awareness of the Black man who has been forced by colonial and imperial circumstances to exist gracefully, if not happily, under paternalistic White domination.

If you are shocked, don’t be. You’ve heard this all before and you know that the analysis presented here is not an isolated one. A substantial number of American Africans of various political persuasions have repeatedly protested the imposed banality of the observance and its arguably ineffectual and misleading Europeanised perception of what the African experience in the Americas is all about. While it is true that the mainstream Civil Rights Movement does receive its share of fair mention in February, as does anti-African lynching and Jim Crow segregation, the ideological, religious, economic and historical reasons behind why all of this occurred receives no serious attention at all.

This is not a matter of ignorance as much as it is a matter of authoritarian, race-partial propaganda by design. And while it is thoroughly correct to mention that both conservative supporters of popular racism and the liberal naysayers who claim to stand against them do entertain separate political agendas, it is equally true that both factions unequivocally view European Peoples and pan-European cultural mores as the absolute zenith in terms of human beauty and constructive measure. Where these two schools of thought customarily diverge is at the point where each perspective believes that Africans and other non-Europeans can most favourably be assimilated into what is assumed to be a already ‘perfect’ sociopolitical framework.

Both factions, by default, flippantly generalise all non-European peoples as inherently ‘backward populations’ in desperate need of a mature and paternalistic chalky-white hand to gently guide them into the ‘modern world’. So in substance, both factions are equally racist in conviction and just as equally biased for the exact same illogical, xenophobic reasons. In other words, the intellectual sophistry which goes into explaining the phenomena of institutional racial marginalisation is logically jaundiced from the very beginning. Precisely because the fundamental Europocentric orthodoxy associated with the question is, by way of direct and indirect White political, cultural and economic power, the only critical standard allowed to define and articulate the dialogue. Racism is not rocket science. So how could any educated person cast doubt upon an analysis that suggests the ethical obfuscation concerning the more naziesque characteristics of North American social philosophy would be a issue most aware White people would wish to ignore?

This is an incontrovertible fact. But this does not however give a much needed intellectual pause to the more reactionary elements of North American society who will endeavor to semantically wrangle against such an analysis via populist ballyhoo and intentional anti-historical misinformation. Such persons will accuse these objective observations of being grossly unfair toward White people as individuals, totally ignoring the fact that racism, in its most classic sense, is not at all concerned with personal ideas of ethnic partiality. They vociferously argue, incorrectly, that racism is principally concerned with personal prejudices and not the systemic practise of state-sponsored social inequalities and its peculiar forms of class-based exploitation economics.

As a general rule, this controlled thesis consciously ignores the question of unequal power distribution in Europocentric societies by empirically denying that such divisions actually exist. Individual ethnic and religious prejudices are readily admitted to, but the fundamental structure behind it all is flatly denied. In doing this, the public mind is purposefully diverted from the visible and clearly unethical reality that only a very small cluster of European interests, worldwide, actually benefit from such a disgraceful scheme. And it is precisely from this factually lopsided yet popularly accepted philosophical space that many other anti-egalitarian, anti-people functions have come to be endorsed as appropriate behaviour in a sustainable, pro-Europocentric civilization.

And because of their totalising domination over the rules of political and cultural discourse, Europeans have used this power to forcibly narrow the discussions surrounding ethnic intolerance into a dwarfish, specific set of intolerant provincialisms rather than direct questions about the premeditated political role of ‘race’ in Euro-colonial social engineering. If, in fact, the White man had ever truly respected the basic humanity of both Africans and American Indigenous Peoples at all, the entire world as we have come to understand it, not just North America, would be radically different. And it would also be decidedly much ‘Browner’ in terms of power distribution than it is right now. Western European societies and their Euro-settler colonial offspring know this. And the pragmatic truth of it all frightens them to the point of violent, segregationist insanity.

Why is this? And why has this dreadfully pessimistic, thoroughly machiavellian philosophy been allowed to persist as a politically reasonable opinion? Considering the nauseated state of the world’s poverty-stricken, westernised masses, (a condition that has existed for quite some time) it is perfectly sensible, and responsible, for intelligent people to ask how European societies could possibly make claim to a high moral-ground after reviewing the considerable damages done by western encroachment. It is also reasonable to ask why the non-European remainder of the planet is always being forced, against its will, to live, think and act as White people do? Is it really simplistic, idiosyncratic partisan bigotry on the part of White people? Or is there something much deeper going on, psychologically, that perhaps we, as a society, are too fearful of probing because we are afraid of what we know we will see?

Africans, First Nations Peoples, Arabs, Asians, the Ulster-Scots, Italians, Poles and many Eastern European nationalities have all, to one degree or another, at one time or another, faced significant ethnic stratification and social discrimination from the anglicised provincialism brought along with the first English settlers. But saying this means little if discrimination, which is duly recognised to be a bad thing, still exists at all. And it is a waste of time to pretend that the feigned ignorance we all resort to when challenged about racism in the west is authentic. It is a ruse of our own making. If the reader can find it within him or herself to reasonably comprehend the irrational denialism of numerous Germans following the mass ethnic cleansing purges of the 1940’s, why is it so difficult to understand that White Americans today also suffer from a similarly acute and equally irrational form of ethnically biased nationalistic selective memory?

If there is a distinction to be made between racism today as opposed to the varieties of racism practised in later historical periods it is that in the not so distant past, the word racism was used and understood in its correct linguistic and sociopolitical context. Before White society was placed into the position of having to explain itself, racism was understood as is just what it sounds like, an ‘ism’, not an attitude. It is a term that defines an institutional practise, not an arbitrary set of prejudices. The term racism in and of itself implies the systemic practise of social hierarchies, power distribution and acceptable discrimination, official and unofficial, based solely upon the established ethnic divisions found within a given society. Not just an emotional issue of fear and uncertainty concerning relations between differing human groups. Race itself is merely a social concept, as it has no basis in objective scientific study outside of certain genetic particulars common to distinctive human groupings. Outside of that medical distinction, race, as an ideological construct is an entirely segregationist idea.

While we can correctly point to the pseudo-scientific European schlock of Eugenics, (Remember the ‘The Bell Curve’ by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray?)5 it is entirely fair and accurate to suggest at this juncture that the entire hypothesis behind negative European racial attitudes resides squarely upon two specific factors: the erroneous and predatory inclination to associate ‘might with right’ and, the esoteric, quasi-mystical ideologies of the ‘pure’ European myth, the ‘Black Sun’ racialist theory that alleges White northern Europeans, ‘The Aryan Peoples’, are the only authentic human beings on Earth. Thus, providing a theoretical rationale for anti-Aryan xenophobia, economic exploitation and political racism.

Inspired by pro-Teutonic racialist mystic intellectuals such as Guido Von List, and liberal misreadings of arcane masters such Mme. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Judeophobic devotees of the metaphysical, bastards such as Rudolf Hess, Heinrich Himmler and Adolf Hitler used these ideas to ‘cleanse’ Europe, they said they did it for the benefit of the European Superman. They also intentionally twisted Friedrich Nietzsche’s race-neutral Übermensch hypothesis into a philosophical justification for their particular form of racism. Even Richard Wagner was abused with careless abandon and transformed into something purely evil. The respectable cultural aspects of his musical legacy, like that of the noble and entirely peaceful origins of the ancient (and Indigenous) svastika (from the Sanskrit) or Sun Wheel symbol, was mangled into something completely abhorrent and entirely removed from its original meaning.6

‘…And one day we must ask the question, “Why are there forty million poor people in America?” And when you begin to ask that question, you are raising questions about the economic system, about a broader distribution of wealth. When you ask that question, you begin to question the capitalistic economy. And I’m simply saying that more and more, we’ve got to begin to ask questions about the whole society…’

–  Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.  –

Such ideas have existed in Europe alongside the ascension of the Catholic Church since the classical Roman empirical era. They too placed more value upon their power over weaker peoples than they did their own sense of self-worth as ‘White’ cultures. This was because the European at this period did not view himself as ‘White’. Such distinctions did not exist at that time. Ethnicity was defined by one’s birth, but nationality was determined by bone’s loyalty to a particular nation or cultural standard. Race, as we understand it today, is a fairly recent invention. It is just like the concept of ‘Orientalism’ or ‘East’ versus ‘West’, a cognitive compartmentalisation of where the White world begins and the non-White world ends. In essence the European, as as a social construct, has come to believe that he has an inherent right to rule based solely upon a knavish belief of the ‘Right of [White] Conquest’ and little else. In this light, Manifest Destiny is merely a form of ideological calisthenics for what in more honest terms should be defined as classical ‘Euro-American supremacist apologia’.

‘The White Man’s Burden’ then is more than just a poem, it is an active metaphor for justified White European power through the force of arms, theological guile and the persistent threat of indiscriminate xenophobic violence. While there may be occasional disagreement over tactics, acceptable methods and the intended victims of ‘corrective pressure’, the self-defined White society has always agreed, by a broad consensus among itself, that Europocentric priorities, life-ways and appetites are the only acceptable and intelligible norms worth considering. As currently understood, non-Europeans have only marginally ‘contributed’ to world civilisation, not constructed it.

By the right of conquest the European lays claim to an automatic right, to not only define the discussion of world history, but the prerogative to define what and who’s history will be included within the established record. There is, of course, an elementary reason for this conundrum if one is inclined to look at the world soberly in order to try and understand it as it is. And it only takes some minimal mental effort to determine why these issues remain touchy in this contemporary period of post-World War Two, multicultural ‘enlightenment’.

For clarity’s sake, let us take another brief look at one particular historical example and its political value as a moral metaphor. One that is impossible to impugn. When German Nazi propagandists Julius Streicher and Josef Goebbels began cultivating their brand of Judeophobic, (and often anti-African) propaganda they never, at any time, ever denied that they were intentionally promoting a false perception of non-German peoples and cultures specifically for political purposes. Through the use of contemporary popular media they purposefully instigated a culture of xenophobic animosity as a means of boosting German nationalistic enthusiasm through the invention of a false, defenceless and readily visible public enemy.

In fabricating an easily accessible ‘Other’ that could be blamed for all that was wrong with the world, the fascists knowingly opened the door to widespread inhumanity. Merely using ‘racial morale’ to gain political and economic power. This is what happened. And the undeniable by-product of this agenda was the second major outbreak of widespread ethnic violence and political chaos in a single century on the subcontinent. But it was not an isolated incident in the annals of European history. Before that happened, the ethnic cleansing of World War One quietly reduced Europe’s Roma, Armenian, Serb, Arab and Jewish populations without the ‘civilised’ political world saying very much about it. Nor was there much in the way of an effort by the Catholic or Orthodox Churches to condemn it or to stop it. This is true. And the ethical dilemmas surrounding the subject are still an issue of deep contention within the international political discourse.

And let us not be choosy here and leave out the supposedly impossible and vicious breakup of multiethnic, multicultural socialist Yugoslavia. We can pretend that the Cold War propaganda we were fed like mother’s milk about the evils of communism was all true, but the foreign-sponsored civil war that ripped the Balkans apart was racially-divisive by capitalist prearrangement. A functioning, economically stable, independent (in Stalinist terms) and fairly liberal socialist ‘buffer-state’ smack dab in the centre of Europe was not necessary after the fall of the Soviet system. And old ethnic rivalries were intentionally stirred-up to internally disrupt and dissolve the ethnically-inclusive socialist state. ‘Master Race’ superstitions that should have been left to the ignorant past were revived in order to achieve a political endgame that resulted in a death count that has yet to be adequately accounted for or politically explained in full.7

This is an important point if one is to agree with the unique special status attributed to ‘The Holocaust’ as a singular horrific event. If we see it that way now, it is only because we recognise it as a bench-mark of major historical and moral importance. And this is principally because the crisis happened to people who are, in today’s view at least, socially and politically accepted as ‘Whites’. This is entirely fair to say. Primarily because that statement is entirely true. The Herero and Namaqua Genocides undertaken by the German government in South-West Africa (1904-1907 ) were the first recorded genocides of the 20th century. Who remembers it? Who talks about it? And let’s be frank, who really cares? As Hitler brazenly remarked to his adjutants during the initial planning stages of the ‘Final Solution’, ‘No one remembers the Armenian Genocide and no one will remember or care about what we are about to do either’.8

It is a humiliating thing for westerners to have to admit this, but the detestable tin-god, on this particular topic, was indubitably correct. Absolutely no one in a position of political or moral power in Europe at the time did anything palpable to stop the anti-Armenian slaughter. And almost no one it seems is willing to support the Armenian survivors today by saying anything about it now. And truth be told, were it not for the efforts of the international military tribunal and their emphasis upon a moral justification for the prosecutions of German government and military officials, no one would be talking about what happened to European Jewry during that period either.

And this too must be noted if we are to be truly honest with ourselves about the world that we have made. Homosexuals, German-Sudanese and other religious, ethnic and political minorities also suffered fascist victimisation. But for the most part these victims are not, in the public mind, empirically connected with the Holocaust at all. Their stories of fear, hope and survival still go unsaid, mostly because they were regarded and still are regarded as ‘worthy victims’. In fact, gay males sent to the concentration camps for violation of Germany’s anti-homosexual law Paragraph 175 (§175 StGB)9 were, after being liberated from Nazi detainment, sent to European civilian prisons to serve out the remainder of their terms. The US military occupation forces, in full agreement with their Nazi Party counterparts, apathetically judged homosexuals to be moral criminals that were deserving of further punishment. Even after the degradation of being targeted by the Nazis.

This was in essence the convoluted morality of the Second World War. And one could say, with ample justification, that the Allied military command in practise treated homosexuals and other social undesirables just as harshly as they did any Nazi the Allies tried at Nuremberg. The human factor of the victimised outsider was never considered. No one spoke for them. The surviving victims have suffered much. And they continue to suffer from the silence of formally disregarded social discrimination. No one cares about their story. No one is willing to argue their story. And no one cares about asking just how hypocritical we all are for allowing these people to be ignored for so long as we continue to condescendingly use the Nazi war against Europe’s Jews as the litmus test for judging human-on-human depravity .

The fact is that ownership of the argument determines the direction of the debate. And had not the post-war Zionist movement not made a point of reminding the Christian world that they stood idle while Catholic Europe burned its undesirables at the stake, no one would care about the subject at all. It would be forgotten. And it is also a lie to pretend that the Jewish Holocaust was always respected as it is today. It wasn’t. The slogan, ‘Never Again’ came about to challenge those who told Jews to forget about what happened to them and to ‘move on’. Anglophone Christians simply did not want to hear about it. They offered Jews the very same advice that had always been given to Africans and American Indians when they attempted to discuss their historical disenfranchisement, ‘Just forget about it.’

Many Jews, rightfully, said no to this and pushed back. It is a simple truism that if ‘Never Again’ rings true in the ears of the followers of the risen Christ today it is only because conscious Jews have simply refused to ever allow the world to forget what was done to them. And this is entirely fair. But what is not fair is how the right-wing, politicised Jewish community has misused this issue to whitewash the ways in which they are recreating for Indigenous Palestinians today, the very same social conditions that their own people endured in Christian and fascist Europe. This is a fact. And is a grand mistake to assume that conservative Zionist adherents, such as the late Rabbi Meir Kahane, are not beyond favouring a pro-White social agenda. Ethnic relations in the State of Israel have always been shaped by a severe psychological bent towards its Ashkenazi population inspiring perhaps the first non-African chapter of the US Black Panther Party for Self Defence, the ‘HaPanterim HaShhorim’ or, the ‘Israeli Black Panthers’.10

Like any other Euro-settler state, Israel has merely imported old European racial prejudices into their contemporary national system. But Israel is somewhat different in that the various forms of social separations observed are codified in black-letter law, not just mandated by social tradition. As quiet as it is kept, religious, gender and ethnic divisions are a legal fact of life in Israel. And this institutional bias is not just levied against Arabs and Africans but also against the Sephardim and the Mizrahiyim communities, people many hard-line Ashkenazim believe are too ‘ethnically Semitic’ to be fully accepted, or trusted, as ‘authentic’ Israelis.

This is a very useful comparison that challenges the observer to consider several important factors. Primarily the question that asks what are the substantiative moral and legal differences between the Nazi’s programmes of racial hygiene and Lebenstraumpolitik and what many right-wing Zionists support and all American taxpayers are funding in Occupied Palestine right now. Fascism, one would think, is fascism. Even if it is Israeli and even if the perpetrators happen to be Jewish. Why is this not a question?

When Africans in Apartheid-era South Africa vindictively oppressed their indigenous brethren on behalf of the White settler minority, they were still Black people. That never changed. What did change however were the terms of personal self-image and self-acceptance many indigenous Africans would experience after overt White domination on the continent ended. As we have seen, the skin-colour of the ‘new exploiters’ in government and business management may have visibly diversified somewhat, but the actual ownership-class is still European, still in control of the levers of power and still committed to oppressing the poor to maintain control over the country’s vast resources.

Under these terms even many Europeans also fall far short of the established standard for acceptable Whiteness. This can be seen in the negative ‘White Trash’ belittlement used against some Caucasians who are deemed too unsophisticated to represent positive White ethnicity. The modern social realities of post-Apartheid South Africa serves to present us with an noteworthy illustration of this. Most African Boere-Afrikaners for example, who were used as a proletarian buffer-class between people-of-colour and the chiefly British ruling elite, have not fared very well after the collapse of the old system. No longer useful as a middle-class, many now live in the same squalid conditions most Blacks were forced to endure under Apartheid. Including being forced to migrate from the larger cities, often to the surviving Black shantytowns situated far outside of the grid, living side-by-side with Blacks who have been left behind by the African National Congress (ANC) and the new Black South African middle-classes.

There is a lesson here for all of us if we are willing to look close enough. Working-class Afrikaners, (and the Boervolk minority within that group) believed they had the upper-hand in the past system. They racially measured their own self-worth against their personal ability control and exploit the indigenous and imported non-European population. However, once that arrangement was forced to adapt to changing circumstances, their status as superior Whites was quickly politically cut down to size. Whiteness is now measured against both ‘English-ness’ and access to capital investment opportunities. Those Whites who had nothing more other than being White to fall on immediately fell to the wayside.

Add to this change the fact that only a handful of connected Indigenous African insiders actually rose through the post-Apartheid system leaving many people, regardless of race, in the dust. One must ask, how is being White an advantage if one is economically or politically poor? Aside from White racial dominance in law, most Black and Coloured South Africans have very little to celebrate about. The legal ethnic division may be over, but poverty, disease and violent crime still rule in Nelson Mandela’s South Africa just as it did in the past. And Black people in that country, still, are far behind the rest of the world in regards to civil development, political maturity and social serenity.

South Africa is just one example of how race matters but in the end, does not matter when it comes down to situations of class-based exploitation. Race then, is merely a tool for the plutocrat, nothing more. It is a merely rationalisation for justifying social inequality. The Chinese are an Asian people. They are not any less Asian because they are practising colonialist oppression against the Indigenous Peoples of Tibet. Pol Pot was still Cambodian despite the number of his fellow countrymen he had brutally eliminated. Arabised Africans routinely conduct operations to ‘cleanse’ areas of Indigenous Tribal Peoples although to the outside observer, everybody involved the crisis appears to be ‘Black’. Go back and look at the Crisis in Rwanda in 1994. And Josef Stalin, who was an ethnic Georgian, was emotionally Russian in his heart when he purged the communist party of dissidents and oversaw the clearly anti-Ukrainian Holodomor Famine. An event that classifies under the guidelines set by Raphael Lemkin as an example of intentional genocide.11

Closer to home we can look at the assimilationist Lakota politician Dicky Wilson who was born and raised in Indian Country and has never, ever, had his Indian ethnicity questioned by anybody. However, Mr. Wilson was known during his lifetime for making it perfectly clear that his loyalties lay with the White-controlled, mixed-blood reservation tribal power structure he belonged to, not with the traditionalist, full-blooded Indians he derided as a ‘sorry’ people stuck in a dead past. He openly chided Natives who were struggling to survive intact culturally and psychologically as self-conscious Indian People. And he is remembered today for his covert operation of a domestic death squad responsible for terrorising and killing hundreds of Native Americans during the ‘Indian Country Civil War’ of the 1970’s. In short, Dick Wilson oversaw a Native-on-Native genocide programme in pursuit of a Europocentric paradigm of social conservatism and economic bureaucracy. And he was still an Indian. That, never changed.

‘Come, then, comrades; it would be as well to decide at once to change our ways. We must shake off the heavy darkness in which we were plunged, and leave it behind. The new day which is already at hand must find us firm, prudent and resolute…We must leave our dreams and abandon our old beliefs and friendships of the time before life began. Let us waste no time in sterile litanies and nauseating mimicry. Leave this Europe where they are never done talking of Man, yet murder men everywhere they find them, at the corner of every one of their own streets, in all the corners of the globe. For centuries they have stifled almost the whole of humanity in the name of a so-called spiritual experience. Look at them today swaying between atomic and spiritual disintegration…And yet it may be said that Europe has been successful in as much as everything that she has attempted has succeeded’.

–  Frantz Fanon  –

This is all very bad business and we should investigate these unfortunate cases deeply. But it important that we consider some root points to understand the operative framework. In the case of Dicky Wilson, it is his self-identity that we should be looking at here — his personal identification with White power and privilege — not just his own personal and arbitrary racial classification as a ‘mixed-race’ Indian. Again, we are not discussing sets of unfavorable attitudes, we are identifying a form of systemic oppression based upon the inconsistent concept of race and the debasing cultural norms frequently associated with such a device. Particularly the erroneous but widely believed connections assumed between concepts of ‘Whiteness’ and ‘law and order’.

The real question is not the ethnicity of people, but instead what is our collective understanding of basic humanity as it relates to our willingness to cope with first the unknown and second, the realities of selfish, materialistic accumulation by the more powerful elements of any given society. This is precisely the point behind ‘war psychology’. By defining their victims as ‘different’ because of racial and cultural dissimilarities, predatory interests hope to soften the psychological blow to the masses, who if they actually had a choice, might just decide not to use brigandage as a national policy. Normal, rational people do not like conflict. In fact, most people do their very best to avoid it at any cost. Therefore, the ‘enemy’ must be demonised to the point of hysteria if the public is to support such methods. And race-hate is often used because it is the one gimmick that almost always works when nothing else will. Not because it is justified, but because it is easy. Reducing life’s complexities to common, lowbrow chauvinisms does not require deep intellectual thought. Just a passive willingness to accept the unacceptable in favour of an illusion of racial purity and civil management.

Further, the victims of White racism are central to such a system. And it is important to understand why that is. It is a vicious cycle of antagonisms that have at their centre the European concepts of race and the racial superiority of lighter skin. A notion that has been spread around the world through European imperio-colonial expansionism and the theological subterfuge of the Mother Church. And this also explains why there is so much popular confusion around the world concerning the apathy shown by the Barack Obama administration towards Black and Indian Americans, the poor, Spanish-speaking immigrants and the hapless Arab and African civilians added daily to the expendable cannon fodder lists as acceptable statistics in the ‘War on Terror’.

It was assumed, wrongly, that because he is Black, that he would be more open to addressing the pressing social and political imbalances most White US politicians have traditionally ignored. Barack Obama has proved that no matter what the ethnicity of the individual, once one is willing, or trained, to accept the concept of White privilege, culture and power as a paradigm of perfection, anyone determined to be less than human in considered ‘fair game’ for abuse and ‘corrective action’. Simply look at his political record since he has been in office. Mr. Obama has without question fought hard, not to spread justice and democracy, but to sustain the undue privileges of the rich, the corporations, the military-industrial complex and the Zionist lobby at the expense of the already traditionally marginalised. This includes the poor people of his own country who he will continue to extract as much as possible from in order to ensure the continuation of White Christian cultural domination across the globe. The republican and libertarian cliques have nothing factually negative to say about the Obama administration because it has done exactly what it was supposed to do, to ensure the positive continuation of American capitalist power. Period. A situation that leaves his political opposition very little to work with unless they are willing to resort to using the issue of race against him as a planned strategy of derision.

Which in fact is what the US conservative party is currently doing. In sum, conservatives simply do not have an argument against Mr. Obama other than he is a Black man. And this is why the US presidential race this season has been focused more on the supposed demise of White, Christian culture in the United States than actual politics. Only no one is yet ready to openly admit that the noted hatred towards this president and his family is motivated by hateful, and traditional, White racism. Not even the mainstream US African population who is still banking on a last-minute act of justice, if not principled moral retribution, that will never come from this particular Black president.

American Africans are sadly reluctant to admit that they have been suckered, yet again, by another beautiful, Black, ‘Great White Hope’. This is appalling on a variety of levels, but it is sufficient to say here that Mr. Obama’s actions as an individual and as president cannot by any stretch of the imagination be consider antagonistic towards White people or advantageous to Black advancement. Only the plutocrats have received any love and affection from this White House. And those who perpetuate hateful, White supremacist ideas have indeed been granted a pass. They have stopped at nothing to belittle this president and conservatives have made use of every racist political trick they can think of. Including putting the reality of White racialism in the United States completely on its head.12

Mr. Obama’s visible passivity in the face of blatant racism makes the conservative knuckle-draggers who wail and bitch about him look like complete idiots. But that has never stopped White racists before. Idiocy still rules the US airwaves and conservative as well as religious talk-radio in the United States have made unseating the Obama administration priority number one. No matter how much they have to lie to do it.

They argue that Barack Hussein Obama is a ‘secret Muslim’ who hates White people and ‘White’ culture. But the truth of the matter is that Barack Obama is the best friend racist, Christian White folks have ever had in the history of confused Africans in America. Particularly because he is a non-European who truly believes in the ‘rightness’ of the White world more than many Whites do. And for this, his place in the history of the White man is assured. So as far as he and others like him are concerned, the ‘glass ceiling’ of White racism is now over. Now that non-Europeans can theoretically enter the White world, there exists, they argue, no more barriers. Exactly the same sort of situation that occurred in supposedly post-colonial Africa. The White men have for the most part visibly left the scene, but they still control the purse-strings and the ‘new’ anti-colonial power structure has actively maintained the old European infrastructure. In effect, nothing has changed.

Barack Obama in regards to American history fulfills a similar function. He will be remembered fondly as the great ‘Negro example’ who oversaw a taxing period of transition between ethnic Whiteness and ‘conceptional Whiteness’. This in essence is the real ‘New Negro’ movement, the supposedly progressive improvement over the older model that would have totally rejected a non-European person strictly on the basis of his or her skin-colour. In the 21st century, being White means more about adhering to the Europocentric model as closely as one can than it will be about ‘colour’. Which really is not a new perspective, (the artificial hair-straightening of African women is one good example) but it does say something queer about the state of the African mind. One must wonder why after everything that has happened, (slavery, lynching and legal discrimination) and considering what still continues to occur, (such as the police killings of Oscar Grant and Sean Bell) why so many non-Europeans would want have anything to do with White people at all. Additionally, in light of all of this considerable negativity, why are so many Africans and other non-Europeans struggling so hard to be ‘qualified Whites’?

I mention this only because in the west, the conventional wisdom specifies that Europeans have ‘earned’ the right to rule the ‘lesser peoples’ of the world simply because they have to power to do so. The racial aspects of the scheme however are actually secondary to the base authority claimed through the threat of violence. This is important. The indignation expressed in reducing social relations to simplistic ideas of White and non-White is quite real, but is not the entire picture. We must understand this and accept the fact that race is just a convenient, although not always visible barometer used to separate people into identifiable predators, managers, enablers or prey. Race is an issue of separation. Generally for political purposes. Attitudes are important, but they merely support the established sociopolitical paradigm.

White racism, the notion that lighter-skinned people are superior in any respective culture, nation or group, is a grandiose, melodramatic farce based upon a pure fiction. An old wives’ tale erected upon an absurd medley of supposed superior western culture, the privilege of alabaster skin and the divine grace of the co-opted Semitic sky-god Europeans believe bestowed them with ultimate mastery over the physical world. Add to this malarkey the spurious ‘Privilege of Intervention’ claimed by the White west when it comes to exercising ‘extreme prejudice’ and other forms of unasked for destructiveness against weaker peoples and you have all of the makings of a bona fide system of global, institutionalised human-on-human exploitation. A condition that supposedly does not exist any longer, we are told, due to the twin ‘liberating’ forces of western Christianity and European-led free-market capitalism.

This is the psychological shillelagh that is wielded to shame the Native into believing that he is at best, a subhuman non-entity, a superficial being not deserving of his own right to exist. We hear much of the immense ‘progress’ that has been made, but we hear of no serious discourse on why we still seem to think that White racism is a normality that one must either adapt to or somehow learn to overcome. This element is rarely discussed from the viewpoint of the victim. Not without first qualifying it through the wavering filters of faux ‘White liberalism’. Another social requirement which in and of itself is a thoroughly demeaning prerequisite in order to be heard, much less be seen by the psychic White power structure. This is the reality of the situation. Nor is it asked why Africans and First Nations Peoples should, or would, want to struggle for inclusion into societies that have proven themselves to be remarkably dedicated to the incessant exploitation and occasional genocide of their respective peoples for profit.

Conscious, fair and intelligent people, regardless of background, want more than just symbolic holidays of false inclusion. African people as a social group are still treated as a detestable class of non-human cretins by the White power structure simply because we are born ‘Black’. And those of us who insist on being seen as something more than a pacified, nappy-headed jigging collection of caricatures found within the back pages of White American popular culture know that nonsense such as ‘Black History Month’ in truth, amounts to little more than a dramatic and ingenious act of American nationalist self-deception and White racialist hypocrisy.

We can no longer hide behind the petticoat of democratic boasting in an age of the personal computer. It isn’t possible to feign ignorance when the truth is staring you right in the face. Those of us who claim not to see what is happening are, without exception, pathological liars. For there is a fundamental difference between not knowing and not caring. And this is an overdue and necessary question. And let us be principled at this juncture by leaving the sing-song nostalgia of traditional Americana to the professional propagandists and committed bigots of the far-right as we contend with unembellished reality.

What we are actively criticising here is not the individual White racist, which is also important, but the longstanding tradition of western ethnic bias itself as a negative and anti-human social paradigm. It is vitally critical for us here to deal not just with the overt phenomenon of racist attitudes, but also with the subvert and pragmatic facts behind mainstream ethnic marginalisation itself as a whole.

‘Sitting at the table doesn’t make you a diner, unless you eat some of what’s on that plate. Being here in America doesn’t make you an American. Being born here in America doesn’t make you an American’.

–  Malcolm X  –

Racism is a reality. And not just against Europeanised Ashkenazim Jewry, but against all persons deemed to be non-White and those who are unlucky enough to be caught-up by the racists and their ideological sympathisers. Serbs, Roma, Turks, Africans, the mentally-challenged, homosexuals, pagans all Indigenous Peoples and other social outsiders have over the generations been the targets of far-right, conservative and often religious discrimination. Often, these groups have also been targeted for elimination. And not just by the officials working within legal governments, but by the passive agreement and often active participation of the rank-and-file populace within western democracies.

This is quite similar to the despicable actions undertaken by the Catholic Church when it gave its theological consent to anti-Jewish violence before and during the Crusades and again immediately following the mayhem of the Spanish Reconquista. In between and directly after these frightful periods, the Pope would simply say, ‘God wills it’ and the White Christian world would calmly look in the other direction. Secure in the certain knowledge that Jehovah looked down upon them with exalted appreciation for zealously helping ‘Him’ wipe out the non-European infidels and acknowledged ‘killers of the risen Christ’.13 The role of Catholicism in the development of Judeophobia is still a subject not discussed in polite political debate.

What ‘Black History Month’ refused to deal with in February, the World Council of Churches executive committee did with resounding courage and resolve. In a statement released last month, the Council strongly denounced the religiously-sanctioned directives that were used by European governments to justify the invasion of the Americas and the ‘necessary’ genocide of the Indigenous Peoples ‘discovered’ in the Americas.14 This was the Catholic-supported ‘Doctrine of Discovery’, a series of Papal Bulls that mandated the nationalisation of captured American lands and ordered the enforced Christianization of all Indigenous peoples captured by the Conquistadors.

The executive council of the WCC made it clear in their official statement that the doctrine was inherently racist and as a doctrine of the Church, ‘Fundamentally opposed to the gospel of Jesus’. They are now asking the world Christian body to reject the Europocentric biases of the traditional church in favour of a theology that truly embraces ‘All the Nations’ under the spiritual, and more to the point, human, example of Jesus the Christ. The Palestinian Semite redeemer of those too poor and too weak to defend themselves against the malevolent forces of the material world as then represented by the European Roman Imperial invasion of his country.

This is a deliberately literal reading of the historical, not the religious record. Christianity is at its base a faith of the poor, not the rich. This is why the Roman government chose to co-opt the faith into the state. This made it easier to control. What we understand today as Christian faith is an elaborate ruse. Religion in all nations and cultures is a tool of the elite forces of that particular society. And what the WCC is suggesting today is a rational and proactive approach to soberly dealing with the issue behind White supremacist sentiments and political chicanery in the new century. They are standing with the people, not the plutocratic, pro-capitalist religious fascists of the orthodox White European church establishment.

In using the historical rather than the religious Jesus as a metaphor for social justice is respectable. And it is an assessment with which even this committed atheist author can live with. For it gets to the base teachings of what is said to be the fundamental reason why the Sun of God was sent to be sacrificed in the first place. The world’s churches, synagogues and temples all collect money, power and undue moral influence over the political and private lives of the unfortunate people subjected to their absurd ‘spiritual’ jurisdiction. But in the end, they do not practise what they preach.

Like the Mother Church, Europocentric idealism is an illusion of order. A nonsensical allegory that exists only to give us a satisfying, emotive explanation as to why the ugly brutality of European hegemony should be accepted as the price one must pay to achieve ‘civilisation’ . John Howard Griffin, the American author of ‘Black Like Me’ pointed in the preface of his ground-breaking book:

‘Some White will say that this is not really it. They will say this is the White man’s experience s a Negro in the South, not the Negro’s…But this is a picayunish, and we no longer have time for that. We no longer have time to atomize principles and beg the question. We fill too many gutters while we argue unimportant points and confuse issues’.

–  J. H. Griffin  –

Let us ignore the superficial and discard the 1%-produced disinformation we have come to accept about each other. Universal peace and justice is indeed possible. We only need to be brave enough to collectively face the past with as much courage as we need to face the future. By being honest with ourselves we can be honest with how we all got here. It is disingenuous for White society to claim innocence when we all know that the public world’s mind has been intentionally fashioned in its image solely for its favour. It is time for conscious, politically aware White people to separate themselves from the reactionary, neo-conservative, neoliberal bigoted chaff and join the rest of the human community. Pledge to be as inclusive, as fair and as tolerant as you have failed to be in the past and the present. And perhaps, just perhaps, we can all survive the Mayan warning of tumultuous ‘change’.

It is impossible to avoid the obvious conclusion that the world situation as we understand is trapped within a foolish and cyclical paradigm of Europocentric absurdities. And it is up to those of us who should know better to say something other than have faith in ‘their belief’ that ‘things will work themselves out for the better. If this sort of passivity did not work in 1933, I fail to see how this could possibly make sense in 2012. Even under a Black American president.

This February we could have, as a society, discussed the history of Africa or Black people but that did not happen. Where are the American students in the US and Canada studying the public records of Denmark Vesey and Gullah Jack to learn about their role in defending human dignity in South Carolina? How many people of all races know that Ralph Bunche, a Black man, is one of Americans directly responsible for helping found the State of Israel, becoming the first African to win the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts? Very few. And this is more than just a shame, it is a major part of the problem. African ignorance of their own history is bad enough, White ignorance of African history is dangerous. It allows for the sort of wrong-headed assumptions that make human-on-human violence possible and subversive political abuse feasible.

“Ignorance’, as the Dravidian spiritual teacher the historical Buddha often taught, ‘is the root of all evil’. All ‘civilised’ peoples understand this and the fact is that the logical option for intelligent corrective measures are right in front of us. We know this and we only need dare look at it. If Steppin’ Fetchit and Iceberg Slim could eventually come around to determine that their past-behaviour was largely due to the unending cycle of ‘colonialist madness’, so can we. They came to overstand and overcome the considerable mental damage done to them by the unspoken, institutional ethnic hierarchy of life in the Americas. This is the most important issue to think about when discussing race in the Americas if nothing else. We are talking here about hundreds of years of brutal exploitation, physical abuse and skin-colour marginalisation. Often by rule of law. The creation of the Sambo in the Americas, both Afro-Indios and Afro-European, is the direct result of this system. And despite the negatives, we have survived.

But not intact. Yes, we have created identities and communities that honestly reflect our natural human responses to cultural European oppression. But we are mired within a mire of subcultures that represent more what has been done to us than what we really want for ourselves. Most Africans are ashamed that inner-city ‘Pimp’ mores have gone mainstream as have popular ‘Gangster’ motifs that reflect the cultural influences of the underground economy that keeps the poor from starving to death. And despite their righteous-sounding rhetoric, capitalist Hollywood and the rest of the free-market crowd make as much money from this unfortunate situation as possible. And their are plenty of sell-out Africans ready, willing and eager to demean their own people for the sake of gold and a space at the White man’s table.

This is the result of being whipped into spiritual submission by an abusive European living in dread of the African and Native slave regaining a ‘knowledge of self’, meaning a sense of his and her own instinctive humanity. So it is foolish to pretend that when a single human being is mistreated and subjected to the inner scars of the experience, that it is fundamentally different than when it occurs to an entire people. To say that Africans and individuals and as peoples throughout the Diaspora do not suffer from Post-Slavery emotional and mental issues is to willingly ignore the problem.

‘We have more work to do when more young black men languish in prison than attend colleges and universities across America’.
¾ Barack Obama, NAACP forum, July 12, 2007 ¾

The mainstream behaviour sciences are only recently beginning to address the syndrome and its role in negative African physical and mental ailments. It isn’t as if we have ignored the issue as a community, we simply do have enough breathing room to effectively challenge the problem. And while the Black Christian Church has long been a centre of spiritual strength and community organisation, it has never seriously addressed the issue of ‘Post-Colonial Stress Syndrome’ or ‘Post-Slavery Syndrome’. The Black Church deals more with Black assimilation, not ‘nationhood’ as a body. More nationalist-thinking community leaders in the US addressed the subject in differing, but generally conservative terms through pan-African leaders such the Marcus M. Garvey, Jr., ONH; religious teachers like the Hon. Elijah Muhammad of the ‘original’ Lost-Found Nation of Islam (Black Muslims); Bro. Min. Malcolm X (El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz) and even agnostic thinkers such as Clarence 13X, founder of the (even more esoteric) Five Percent Nation, a manifestation based on the ‘Poor Righteous Teachers’ allegory of the NOI’s inner scriptures. Not Little Black Sambo.

However, the BBP and the American Indian Movement (AIM) on the other hand did deal with these issues by using a people-centred and non-dogmatic approach to cultural re-awareness. This was a progressive and amiable way of developing a climate of cultural co-education and solidarity with other similarly oppressed groups and those in the White mainstream who were in sympathy with universal social justice. But what is most important to consider is that the citizen-run, community-organised low-cost programmes these organisations devised actually worked. Africans and Native Americans were becoming independent. Psychologically. And that included maturing politically as an ethno-cultural bloc.

This was the real problem. We were consciously removing ourselves from a position of dependence. And the simple fact is, some White people, quite a few in fact, did not and do not want to see this happen. We cannot do anything about this. What what we can do however is to stop treating our adversaries as our allies and our allies as our adversaries. Because we are by tradition, not genetics, a forgiving and at heart a peaceful people, we are more apt to look towards our former masters for confirmation and comfort than our own brothers and sisters who endure within the very same cycle of African struggle. This is the face of self-colonialism.

It is not ‘anti-White’ to state the observable fact that Africans, as a human group, have been taught to hate themselves with intensity. This is the real dirty laundry of the African consciousness and it is a silent symptom of how non-Europeans have fared in a hopelessly materialistic, European-dominated world. This self-hate dynamic is what compels us to not see that other African as our brother. It is because we still, mistakenly, perceive that White people, all White people, represent the paradigm that we all, regardless of ethnicity, must ‘rise’ to. As codified in history, art and letters, the European is presented as the hope of the world. And we are lead, if not forced, to believe that they our the ‘betters’ we must all defer to.

In spite of our innate physical beauty, our cultural creativity or our instinct for limitless adaptability, we have all been trained, both Black and White, to despise the African as something less than human. Less than White. And sadly, even the African believes the lies said about him to the point of internalised antagonism. The root cause of inner cognitive struggle all Black men and women must confront on a daily basis.

‘How low must I reduce myself, today, in order to survive’?

This is a shame. A damned shame. And when White people point our lack of interest today or our comprehension of these issues, correctly I might add, we feel insulted and indignant. But it is quite true. We do not as a community or as individuals, for the most part pay much attention to our collective political clarity. There were more educated Africans in the United States actively advocating for the immediate and unconditional release of IDF soldier Gilad Shalit during his detainment by the Hamas bureaucracy than were in support of Troy Anthony Davis in his battle to save his life and clear his name. And even more alarming, to this writer, is the undue and ludicrous attention accorded to Black entertainment scandals than the fact that the republican party has been waging a media crusade in favour of demeaning the first genetic Black president in every way possible short of calling him a ‘Nigger’. And despite his genteel,pro-Europocentric, pro-capitalist, pro-Christian assimilationist proclivities, he is being insulted on a daily basis for no other reason than because he is a Black man in a position of power many White folks simply do not believe a ‘Negro’, any Negro, deserves.

And even though he has politically been extremely race-neutral in his approach, (even to the point of treating American Africans just as apathetically as any other US president) recent polls in former US slave-states show that only 12% of Mississippians think that President Barack Obama is a real Christian despite all the evidence to the contrary.15 Chiefly because the right-wing cacophony machine falsely identifies Mr. Obama as a radical anti-Caucasian left-wing Marxist-Communist-Socialist-Nazi-Fascist Muslim Manchurian Candidate from Kenya. In Alabama, just 14% believe he isn’t a Muslim at heart. Shocking information in the 21st century but then again, about 75% of the respondents in some of these polls don’t accept Darwin’s scientific theory of evolution either. Others, a sizable minority, also still believe the world to be flat too.16

This writer has never claimed to support him politically, but I do support him as a Black man who is facing the brunt of relentless xenophobic racism. This does not mean that I will choose to vote for him, but I will certainly support him against racist bellicosity from the black-hearted bastards of the right-wing as well as the reactionary ignoramuses operating within what is supposed to be the left-wing of the accepted political dichotomy. This is a community-solidarity courtesy one would hope he and the rest of the American African elite working in positions of influence would extend to their own forgotten people. Why not? Senator Joseph Lieberman ferociously supports the American, if not the global, Jewish community without apology. What is stopping Mr. Obama and the rest of the ‘Talented Tenth’ from doing the same? No one is asking them to get on the picket-line, although, that would be cool. But we have had enough parades. We need less clamor and more substance. Racism is still here. And nothing has changed other than the dance styles.

What is needed is some overt critical and analytical support for real social justice and an honest accounting of what is really going on with the African in America and how we got to this juncture. We have to regain a sense of our literal self. Without this, we will always be subjected to the ever changing winds of European whims and racist folly. It is up to us to define what our own ‘liberation’ will look like. And in the later generations of the struggle we had a vision of what that ‘Black’ freedom would be and how we would get there. This was crushed however at every turn. And every time it seemed as if we had a workable and sustainable solution to our problems, (and not the White man’s issue of how we could best serve him) we were crushed and scattered like red African soil thrown into the sea. In the past we had our own businesses, banks, (SEE: Black Wall Street) and townships, (SEE: Rosewood Race Riots) because White society did not wish to serve our needs. So we did it ourselves. Not because we wanted to be separate, but because we were not wanted. If African interests have failed over the decades, it is because of these very same reasons. White society has never treated the African as an equal.

Black History Month could have discussed why the ‘Black Church’ exists and how Africans were banned by law from practising the Christian religion. Or from learning to read, from dancing, or from practising their traditional spiritual beliefs. If there is such a thing as Black American history, it is about how we survived, not how we have been forced to adapt in order to survive. This would frame these important issues in African, not Europocentric terms. We are not critically assessing our own historical record. We are waiting for a White man to tell us who we are. This is true.

A this is where open and honest education comes into play. Whites in the Americas must be willing to learn about their own history of racism and the historical dynamics of race stratifications in human relations. We must also be willing to openly discuss how severely Africans have been impoverished via subterfuge of the representative political system. This is why it is highly unfair to accuse African people in North America of sociopolitical or moral ineptness without first studying just how seriously Africans, (and Black males in particular) have traditionally been emasculated in this society. Remember when Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer rudely stuck her finger in the face of the US president like an antebellum plantation owner chastising her house-slave and got away with it? By claiming she felt ‘threatened’ by him, White America said, ‘O.k.’ Black America? Well, Black America said nothing.17

Sure, there were some articles about it, but few called the situation as it really was: a planned media event to publicly disparage this US president on no other grounds other than he is an African. Nothing else. Further, her racist photo-opp maneuver was designed not only to shame Obama, but to shame all African people as a collective body. We, as African people, have yet to connect how the Obama presidency reflects upon us as a community and the critical position the American Black man resides in at this historical moment.

This is why each and every time Mr. Obama ignores the racists, he delegitimises the American Black/African struggle against such undeserved disrespect and disparagement. The lack of basic respect shown towards Mr. Obama by the Arizona governor is unprecedented in US political history. And it was allowed. Most importantly, the racist myth of the ‘dangerous Black man’ was in effect confirmed by this stunt in the pathetic minds of the hopelessly bigoted.18 Her finger-wagging was a signal to the White American racist past. It was a wink to the ‘Take America Back’ crowd that is slovenly lusting for an immediate regression to a time when Whites were unquestionably ‘on top’ and their unearned privileges stood virtually unchallenged.

We, as African Peoples were bitch-slapped on the front pages of every newspaper in the world. This was by design. And the African in the Americas said practically nothing about it. We gave it a pass. And many sadly were probably not even aware of it unless someone told them about it. This is ridiculous on its face because anyone with an educated mind understands that the only thing that has changed in the US sociopolitical arena is the window dressing, not the substance. The White House is still very much ‘White’. And the same 1% landed gentry who own the extant power structure, are still in charge. It just looks as if things have changed for the better. They haven’t.

Because most Americans today in both the US and Canada live lives of simplistic materialist superficiality, this minor cosmetic alteration seems much more captivating than it really is. And this fundamental misunderstanding has inaccurately convinced the European settler-class that ‘all is lost’ just because they are being represented politically by a member of the Black ‘race’. They believe, but cannot prove, that the White man is losing his control and place in the world. This is not a new sentiment but it has been given a boost by the White anxiety that followed the reality of the Obama election. This was indeed America’s ‘Putney Swope’ moment and the Euro-American populace has acted true to cinematic form.

There is no political backing for the outlandish claims made against him, so in effect, the juvenile ad hominem belligerence we are witnessing from the right-wing is all they have left to use. He is being derided simply because he is Black and in this, their hateful actions demean all decent people in the Americas. This is the reality of the situation. And how he carries himself during these critical obstacles reflects on all African people everywhere. This is still true whether he wants to accept his role as the titular leader of the entire African world or not.

This is why a critical study of internal US social development is so important. It provides a backdrop for understanding why the African in the Americas does not respond as a community bloc when faced with overt racism. This was not always the case, but after what has occurred in terms of COINTELPRO-style repression against Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Marcus Garvey’s international Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), civil organisations such as the BBP, the revolutionary-nationalist Republic of New Afrika (RNA) and numerous other African organisations and activists such as Malcolm X, Robert Franklin Williams and Fred Hampton Sr., the fight has, literally, been beaten out of us. The level of covert-directed violence and extra-legal measures used to undermine what government officials believed to be negative, possibly anti-American political dissent in the African community made it perfectly clear: speaking up comes with consequences.19

The most effective propaganda is that which frames concepts rather than focuses on issues. And in my own personal experience as an Afro-Indio cultural educator I have seen very few instances in which these aspects of the African historical experience in the Americas are mentioned respectfully or fairly. Our history of struggle is almost always treated negatively and is as a rule of thumb, is erroneously misused to ‘prove’ that there is a ‘Black Rage’ that is generalised against all White people as a whole. This isn’t true, but just saying that means little. The fears are very real.

Much of it comes from a space of pure unadulterated ignorance, but a lot of it is a fear of broad-brushed racialist retribution for centuries of mistreatment. There is nothing we can do about this fear other than to recognise it and be intelligent about it. And that includes recognising that while the activist-driven Afro-sphere pays attention, there was, and is, no national movement of Blacks or Whites to denounce how racism and right-wing religious ideas have shaped the 2012 election cycle. That says either most of us really don’t understand what’s going on, or, so many of us are just so accustomed to drinking the Kool-Aid we just don’t care about ourselves anymore.

Either way, the situation must change or Africans as a group throughout the Diaspora are indeed doomed. We should be need to be inspired to save our own lives. And unless the issue involves the overt advocacy of Black, bottle-blond media personalities or diamond-studded hypocritical clergy seeking camera time, precious few of us seem to be very interested. We are more worried about replicating the lifestyles of either ‘Ghetto Fabulous’ celebrities or the assimilationist poseurs with our bootlegged, black-market replicas than struggling for our continuance as a people. The more ‘American’ we have become, the less we are willing to acknowledge our innate ‘Blackness’. We have become more concerned about achieving personal enrichment and media stardom, not independence and communal health.

If Black History Month meant anything at all, it would discuss all of these topics fairly and in full. It is an insult to all those who came before us who willing to struggle for justice, freedom and African independence from exploitation to ignore the roots issues behind our struggle. It is time to end the cycle of self-colonialism and to step forward with a vision of conscious Africanism without the needless and moronic excesses of ethnic elitism, religious factionalism and the tit-for-tat trading of xenophobic racialisms with the more ridiculous elements of the far-right. It is time for us to stop trying to be everything to everybody and to begin being true to ourselves.

Having said this, I feel it is important to point out that there is a current move to bring the American African’s issues to the world stage. However, the context here should give us some pause. In response to the recent changes in voting rules that threaten to suppress the African vote, the NAACP has gone before the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva to request international assistance in securing a fair vote for Black people in the US, (democracynow.org: NAACP Head Benjamin Jealous in Geneva Seeking United Nations Help to Protect Voting Rights in U.S.). The NAACP is requesting a special U.N. delegation to monitor the process and offer recommendations for improvement, a move sure to embarrass the Obama administration and to influence those Blacks that will be allowed to vote into some political clarity.

While all of this sounds good on face-value, one must ask, why didn’t the NAACP go to Geneva to discuss Troy Anthony Davis or Mumia Abu-Jamal? How about all of the Black men and women who ended up dead as a result of police brutality or sent to a social death in the for-profit correctional industry? In other words, I find it quite interesting that the NAACP administration could find the time to address the mainstream, assimilationist Black American political concern with maintaining access to the sacred vote while ignoring what poor Black people have to go through all year round, not just at election time.

Racial profiling of Black men alone accounts for thousands of people being denied the right to vote. And in 2000 and in 2004, African males were falsely added to voter lists that registered them as ineligible to exercise their Constitutional rights. Just because they were Black. The NAACP could have gone international then instead of begging Bush the Second to visit them for lunch so he could push the sub-prime mortgage scandal on an unsuspecting Black community. Instead of pursuing a programme of social justice, the NAACP is seeking a ‘seat at the table’ through the established political process of an already corrupted system. This is not wise.

They support reform, not intelligent, class-free, egalitarian change. In struggling to adapt to a system that by its very nature must reduce the non-White and the poor into malleable forms of human putty, the African, when standing amongst the other peoples of the world, becomes a nobody. In trying to please our former masters by kissing their arses with a different sort of waltz we tell ourselves is the ‘price of progress’, we belittle ourselves. From this moment on let cease to hate ourselves any longer. There is enough of that to go around and we will face our fair share of criticism for saying what is true.

So let us be African. Let us discard the skin-bleach creams, false eye contacts and chemical hair-relaxers from both our cupboards and our minds. Let us not apologise or feel shame any longer to be the Original Peoples from the Motherland of Africa. We are the ‘First People’ that gave birth to the entire human race. And we deserve far better than what we have received. Not because we were first, but because we are human.

Just like everyone else.

– TheAngryindian

TheAngryindian is editor-in-chief of the Aboriginal Press News Service (APNS) and editor-General of the Aboriginal News Group (ANG)
————————————————–

Fourth World Radyo : The New Maafa (FWR-01.24.2012)

Fourth World Radyo : The New Maafa (FWR-01.24.2012)

The blatant racism levied against Native Americas, Africans and Indigenous Palestinians in the US is without question a major factor of the neoliberal hype around Election 2012. This issue discusses the salient reasons why Indigenous Peoples, Africans in the US and other areas of the African Diaspora should be concerned about our communal safety and welfare.

Dispatch:(Recorded On – 01.24.2012) – Lessons For Original Peoples
Recorded: Indian Country, Occupied North America
RSS/XML: http://feeds.feedburner.com/aboriginalpressradio

Native American Genocide

Native American Genocide.

Native American Genocide

The American Indian Holocaust, known as the “500 year war” and the “World’s Longest Holocaust In The History Of Mankind And Loss Of Human Lives.”

Genocide and Denying It: Why We Are Not Taught that the Natives of the United States and Canada were Exterminated
Death Toll: 95,000,000 to 114,000,000

American Holocaust: D. Stannard (Oxford Press, 1992) – “over 100 million killed” “[Christopher] Columbus personally murdered half a million Natives”

“Hitler’s concept of concentration camps as well as the practicality of genocide owed much, so he claimed, to his studies of English and United States history. He admired the camps for Boer prisoners in South Africa and for the Indians in the wild west; and often praised to his inner circle the efficiency of America’s extermination – by starvation and uneven combat – of the red savages who could not be tamed by captivity.”

– P. 202, “Adolph Hitler” by John Toland

Native Americans have the highest mortality rate of any U.S. minority because of U.S. action and policy. The biggest killers though were smallpox, measles, influenza, whooping cough, diphtheria, typhus, bubonic plague, cholera, and scarlet fever. All imported by the Europeans colonists.

Smallpox was instrumental in killing the American Indians
GENOCIDE OF NATIVE AMERICANS: A SOCIOLOGICAL VIEW

The term Genocide derives from the Latin (genos=race, tribe; cide=killing) and means literally the killing or murder of an entire tribe or people. The Oxford English Dictionary defines genocide as “the deliberate and systematic extermination of an ethnic or national group” and cites the first usage of the term as R. Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, (1944) p.79. “By ‘genocide’ we mean the destruction of a nation or an ethnic group.”

The U.N. General Assembly adopted this term and defended it in 1946 as “….a denial of the right of existence of entire human groups.” Most people tend to associate genocide with wholesale slaughter of a specific people. However, “the 1994 U.N. Convention on the Punishment and Prevention of the Crime of Genocide, describes genocide beyond outright murder of people as the destruction and extermination of culture.” Article II of the convention lists five categories of activity as genocidal when directed against a specific “national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.”

These categories are:

Killing members of the group;
Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of group;
Deliberately infliction on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

Genocide or the deliberate extermination of one ethnic group by another is not new, for example in 1937 the Pequot Indians were exterminated by the Colonists when they burned their villages in Mystic, Connecticut, and then shot all the other people — including women and children — who tried to escape. The United States Government has refused to ratify the U.N. convention on genocide. There are many facets of genocide which have been implemented upon indigenous peoples of North America. The list of American genocidal policies includes: Mass-execution, Biological warfare, Forced Removal from homelands, Incarceration, Indoctrination of non-indigenous values, forced surgical sterilization of native women, Prevention of religious practices, just to name a few.

By mass-execution prior to the arrival of Columbus the land defined as the 48 contiguous states of America numbered in excess of 12 million. Four centuries later, it had been reduced by 95% (237 thousand). How? When Columbus returned in 1493 he brought a force of 17 ships. He began to implement slavery and mass-extermination of the Taino population of the Caribbean. Within three years five million were dead. Fifty years later the Spanish census recorded only 200 living! Las Casas, the primary historian of the Columbian era, writes of numerous accounts of the horrendous acts that the Spanish colonists inflicted upon the indigenous people, which included hanging them en masse, roasting them on spits, hacking their children into pieces to be used as dog food, and the list continues.

This did not end with Columbus’ departure, the European colonies and the newly declared United States continued similar conquests. Massacres occurred across the land such as the Wounded Knee Massacre. Not only was the method of massacre used, other methods for “Indian Removal” and “clearing” included military slaughter of tribal villages, bounties on native scalps, and biological warfare. British agents intentionally gave Tribes blankets that were intentionally contaminated with smallpox. Over 100 thousand died among the Mingo, Delaware, Shawnee and other Ohio River nations. The U.S. army followed suit and used the same method on the Plains tribal populations with similar success.

FORCED REMOVAL FROM HOMELANDS

For a brief periods after the American Revolution, the United States adopted a policy toward American Indians known as the “conquest” theory. In the Treaty of Fort Stansix of 1784, the Iroquois had to cede lands in western New York and Pennsylvania. Those Iroquois living in the United States (many had gone to Canada where the English gave them refuge) rapidly degenerated as a nation during the last decades of the eighteenth century, losing most of their remaining lands and much of their ability to cope. The Shawnees, Miamis, Delawaresm, Ottawans, Wyandots, and Potawatomis watching the decline of the Iroquois formed their own confederacy and informed the United states that the Ohio river was the boundary between their lands and those of the settlers. It was just a matter of time before further hostilities ensued.

“Indian Boarding School” – Cultural Genocide

FORCED ASSIMILATION

The Europeans saw themselves as the superior culture bringing civilization to an inferior culture. The colonial world view split reality into popular parts: good and evil, body and spirit, man and nature, head and hear, European and primitive. American Indians spirituality lacks these dualism’s; language expresses the oneness of all things. God is not the transcendent Father but the Mother Earth, the Corn Mother, the Great Spirit who nourishes all It is polytheistic, believing in many gods and many levels of deity. “At the basis of most American Native beliefs is the supernatural was a profound conviction that an invisible force, a powerful spirit, permeated the entire universe and ordered the cycles of birth and death for all living things.” Beyond this belief in a universal spirit, most American Indians attached supernatural qualities to animals, heavenly bodies, the seasons, dead ancestors, the elements, and geologic formations. Their world was infused with the divine – The Sacred Hoop. This was not at all a personal being presiding ominpotently over the salvation or damnation of individual people as the Europeans believed.

For the Europeans such beliefs were pagan. Thus, the conquest was rationalized as a necessary evil that would bestow upon the heathen “Indians” a moral consciousness that would redeem their amorality. The world view which converted bare economic self interest into noble, even moral, motives was a notion of Christianity as the one redemptive religion which demands fealty from all cultures. In this remaking of the American Indians the impetus which drove the conquistador’s invading wars not exploration, but the drive to expand an empire, not discovery of new land, but the drive to accumulate treasure, land and cheap labor.

CULTURE

Culture is the expression of a people’s creativity — everything they make which is distinctively theirs: language, music, art, religion, healing, agriculture, cooking style, the institutions governing social life. To suppress culture is to aim a cannonball at the people’s heart and spirit. Such a conquest is more accomplished than a massacre. “We have seen the colonization materially kills the colonized. It must be added that it kills him spiritually. Colonization distorts relationships, destroys and petrifies institutions, and corrupts….both colonizers and the colonized.”

Strategies of targeting American Indian children for assimilation began with violence. Forts were erected by Jesuits, in which indigenous youths were incarcerated, indoctrinated with non-indigenous Christian values, and forced into manual labor. Schooling provided a crucial tool in changing not only the language but the culture of impressionable young people. In boarding schools students could be immersed in a 24 hours bath of assimilation. “The founder of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania , Capt. Richard H. Pratt, observed in 1892 that Carlisle has always planted treason to the tribe and loyalty to the nation at large. More crudely put, the Carlisle philosophy was, “Kill the Indian to save the man.” At the boarding schools children were forbidden to speak their native languages, forced to shed familiar clothing for uniforms, cut their hair and subjected to harsh discipline. Children who had seldom heard an unkind word spoken to them were all too often verbally and physically abused by their white teachers. In short, “there was a full-scale attempt at deracination — the uprooting or destruction of a race and its culture.” A few American Indian children were able to run away, others died of illness and some died of homesickness.

The children, forcibly separated from their parents by soldiers often never saw their families until later in their adulthood, after their value-system and knowledge had been supplanted with colonial thinking. When these children returned from boarding schools they no longer knew their native language, they were strangers in their own world, there was a loss, a void of not belonging in the native world, nor the white man’s world. In the movie “Lakota Women,” these children are referred to as “Apple Children [red on the outside, white on the inside]” they do not know where they fit in, they were unable to assimilate into either culture. This confusion and loss of cultural identity, leads to suicide, drinking and violence. The most destructive aspect of alienation is the loss of power, of control over one’s destiny, over one’s memories, through relationships — past and future.

Jose Noriega’s well-documented historical account of the forced indoctrination of colonial thought into the minds of American Indian children as a means of disrupting the generational transmission of cultural values, clearly demonstrates the cultural genocide employed by the U.S. government as a means of separating the American Indians from their land.

FORCED REMOVAL

The “Indian Removal” policy was implemented to “clear” land for white settlers. Removal was more than another assault on American Indians’ land titles. Insatiable greed for land remained a primary consideration, but many people now believed that the removal was the only way of saving American Indians from extermination. As long as the American Indians lived in close proximity to non-Native American communities, they would be decimated by disease, alcohol, and poverty. The Indian Removal Act began in 1830. Forced marches at bayonet-point to relocation settlements resulted in high mortality rates. The infamous removal of the Five Civilized Tribes — the Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, Cherokees, and Seminoles — is a dismal page in United States history. By the 1820′s the Cherokees, who had established a written constitution modeled after the United States Constitution, a newspaper, schools, and industries in their settlements, resisted removal. In 1938 the federal troops evicted the Cherokees. Approximately four thousand Cherokees died during the removal process because of poor planning by the United States Government. This exodus to Indian Territory is known as the Trail of Tears. More than one hundred thousand American Indians eventually crossed the Mississippi River under the authority of the Indian Removal Act.

STERILIZATION

Article II of United Nations General Assembly resolution, 1946: In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, as such: (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group. In the mid-1970s a Choctaw-Tsalagi Indian Health Services doctor was approached by a 26-year-old American Indian woman who desired a “wonb transplant.” She had been sterilized when she was 20 at the Indian Health Service hospital in Claremont, Oklahoma. It was discoverd that 75 percent of the Claremont sterilizations were non-therapeutic, that women American Indians were being prompted to sign sterilization forms they didn’t understand, that they were being told the operations were reversible, and that some women were even being asked to sign sterilization papers while they had yet to come out of birthing sedation.

Common Sense magazine reported that the Indian Health Service “was sterilizing 3,000 Indian women per year, 4 to 6 percent of the child bearing population…Dr. R. T. Ravenholt, [then] director of the federal government’s Office of Population, later confirmed that ‘surgical sterilization has become increasingly important in recent years as one of the advanced methods of fertility management’.” Ravenholt’s response to these inquires “told the population Association of America in St. Louis that the critics were ‘a really radical extremist group lashing out at a responsible program so that revolution would occur’.”

From the beginning of European control there has been an unrelenting drive to commit genocide over another culture. The American Indians were a majority so the Europeans called them an enemy. One of the major facts the United States Government has failed to understand is that the spiritual aspect of life is inseparable from the economic and the political aspects. The loss of tradition and memory will be the loss of positive sense of self. Those reared in traditional American Native societies are inclined to relate events and experiences to one another, they do not organize perceptions or external events in terms of dualities or priorities. This egalitarianism is reflected in the structure of American Indian literature, which does not rely on conflict, crises, and resolution for organization.

INTELLECTUAL RICHES

American Indians felt comfortable with the environment, close to the moods and rhythms of nature, in time with the living planet. Europeans were quite different, viewing the earth itself as lifeless and inorganic, subject to any kind of manipulation or alteration. Europeans tended to be alienated from nature and came to the New World to use the wilderness, to conquer and exploit its natural wealth for private gain.

But for American Indians, the environment was sacred, possessing a cosmic significance equal to its material riches. The earth was sacred — a haven for all forms of life — and it had to be protected, nourished, and even worshipped. Chief Smoholla of the Wanapun tribe illustrated American Native reverence for the earth when he said in 1885:

“God said he was the father of and earth was the mankind; that nature was the law; that the animals, and fish and plants beyond nature, and that man only was sinful.

You ask me to plow the ground! Shall I take a knife and tear my mother’s bosom?

Then when I die she will not take me to her bosom to rest.

You ask me to dig for stone! Shall I dig under her skin for her bones?

Then When I die I cannot enter her body to be born again.

You ask me to cut grass And make hay and sell it, and be rich like white men!

But how dare I cut off my mother’s hair?

American Indians’ agricultural and medical wisdom had been ignored by the European invaders. In their rush to control the land and people much has passed them by and much has been destroyed. Sadly, what seems to have been almost totally ignored is the American Indians’ knowledge that the Earth is their mother. Because their mother continues to give us life we must care for and respect her. This was a ecological view of the earth.

“There are tens of millions of people around the world who, within only the last few centuries — and some cases only the last few years — have seen their successful societies brutally assaulted by ugly destructive forces. Some American Indian societies have been obliterated. Some peoples have suffered separation from the source of their survival, wisdom, power, and identity: their lands. Some have fallen from the pressure, compromised, moved to urban landscapes, and disappeared, but millions of American Indians, including tens of thousands here in the United States, have gained strength in the face of all their adversity. Their strength is rooted in the earth and deserves to succeed.”

Books used for references and internet addresses:

Mander, Jerry, In the Absence of the Sacred: The Failure of Technology and the Survival of the Indian Nations,” Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, 1992: 349.
Mankiller, Wilma and Wallis, M., A Chief and Her People, St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1993: 8.
Memi, Albert, The Colonizer and the Colonized, Boston: Beacon Press, 1965: 151.
Olson, James and Wilson, R., Native American, In the Twentieth Century, University Press, 1988, 11.
The Reader’s Digest Association, Inc., Through Indian Eyes, Pleasantville, New York/Montreal, 1995: 338.
Susan Brill, Bradley U. (brill@bradley.edu) Discussion group regarding the genocide of Native peoples.

http://www.igc.apc.org/toxic/

http://conbio.bio.uci.edu/nae/knudsen.html

Federal Indian Policy http://mercury.sfsu.edu.cypher.genocide.html.#children
Trail of Tears http://ngeorgia.com/history/nghisttt.html

[...] The National Council of Churches adopted a resolution branding this event [the landing of Columbus] “an invasion” that resulted in the “slavery and genocide of native people.” In a widely read book, The Conquest of Paradise (1990), Kirkpatrick Sale charged the English and their American successors with pursuing a policy of extermination that had continued unabated for four centuries. Later works have followed suit. In the 1999 Encyclopedia of Genocide, edited by the scholar Israel Charny, an article by Ward Churchill argues that extermination was the “express objective” of the U.S. government. To the Cambodia expert Ben Kiernan, similarly, genocide is the “only appropriate way” to describe how white settlers treated the Indians. (Source)
The North American Indian Holocaust

By
Kahentinetha Horn

The “final solution” of the North American Indian problem was the model for the subsequent Jewish holocaust and South African apartheid

Why is the biggest holocaust in all humanity being hidden from history? Is it because it lasted so long that it has become a habit? It’s been well documented that the killing of Indigenous people in the Western Hemisphere since the beginning of colonization has been estimated at 120 million. Yet nobody wants to speak about it.

Today historians, anthropologists and archaeologists are revealing that information on this holocaust is being deliberately eliminated from the knowledge base and consciousness of North Americans and the world. A completely false picture is being painted of our people as suffering from social ills of our own making.

It could be argued that the loss of 120 million from 1500 to 1800 isn’t the same as the loss of 6 million people during World War II. Can 6 million in 1945 be compared to 1 million in 1500?

School children are still being taught that large areas of North America are uninhabited as if this land belongs to no one and never did. The role of our ancestors as caretakers is constantly and habitually overlooked by colonial society.

Before the arrival of Europeans, cities and towns here were flourishing. Mexico City had a larger population than any city in Europe. The people were healthy and well-fed. The first Europeans were amazed. The agricultural products developed by the Indigenous people transformed human nutrition internationally.

The North American Indian holocaust was studied by South Africa for their apartheid program and by Hitler for his genocide of the Jews during World War II. Hitler commented that he admired the great job Americans had done in taking care of the Indian problem. The policies used to kill us off was so successful that people today generally assume that our population was low. Hitler told a past US President when he remarked about their maltreatment of the Jewish people, he mind your own business. You’re the worst.

Where are the monuments? Where are the memorial ceremonies? Why is it being concealed? The survivors of the WWII holocaust have not yet died and already there is a movement afoot to forget what happened.

Unlike post-war Germany, North Americans refuse to acknowledge this genocide. Almost one and a quarter million Kanien’ke:haka (Mohawk) were killed off leaving us only a few thousand survivors.

North Americans do not want to reveal that there was and still is a systematic plan to destroy most of the native people by outright murder by bounty hunters and land grabbers, disease through distributing small pox infested blankets, relocation, theft of children who were placed in concentration camps called “residential schools” and assimilation.

As with the Jews, they could not have accomplished this without their collaborators who they trained to serve their genocidal system through their “re-education camps”.

The policy changed from outright slaughter to killing the Indian inside. Governments, army, police, church, corporations, doctors, judges and common people were complicit in this killing machine. An elaborate campaign has covered up this genocide which was engineered at the highest levels of power in the United States and Canada. This cover up continues to this day. When they killed off all the Indians, they brought in Blacks to be their labourers.

In the residential schools many eye witnesses have recently come forward to describe the atrocities. They called these places “death camps” where, according to government records, nearly half of all these innocent Indigenous children died or disappeared as if they never existed. In the 1920′s when Dr. Bryce was alarmed by the high death rate of children in residential schools, his report was suppressed.

“Indian boarding school” – cultural genocide

The term “Final Solution” was not coined by the Nazis. It was Indian Affairs Superintendent, Duncan Campbell Scott, Canada’s Adolph Eichmann, who in April 1910 plotted out the planned murder to take care of the “Indian problem”.

“It is readily acknowledged that Indian children lose their natural resistance to illness by habitating so closely in these schools, and that they die at a much higher rate than in their villages. But this alone does not justify a change in the policy of this Department, which is geared towards the final solution of our Indian Problem”. (DIA Archives, RG 10 series).

In the 1930′s he brought German doctors over here to do medical experiments on our children. According to the study the majority of the lives of these children was extinguished. School children are taught his poetry with no mention of his role as the butcher of the Indian people.

Those who carried out this annihilation of our people were protected so they could declare full-scale war on us. North Americans as heirs of the fruits of this murderous system have blood on their hands. If people are sincere about preventing holocausts they must remember it. History must be told as it really happened in all its tragic details.

It’s not good enough to just remember the holocaust that took place during the lifetime of some of the survivors. We have to remember the larger holocaust. Isn’t it time to uncover the truth and make the perpetrators face up to this?

In the west there are a whole series of Eichmanns. General Amherst ordered the distribution of small pox infested blankets to kill of our people. But his name is shamelessly preserved in the names of towns and streets. George Washington is called the “village burner” in Mohawk because of all the villages he ordered burnt. Villages would be surrounded. As the people came running out, they would be shot, stabbed, women, children and elders alike. In one campaign alone “hundreds of thousand died, from New York across Pennsylvania, West Virgina and into Ohio”. His name graces the capital of the United States.

The smell of death in their own backyard does not seem to bother North Americans. This is obscene.

By Kahentinetha Horn, MNN Mohawk Nation News, kahentinetha2@yahoo.com
First published in Akwesasne Phoenix, Jan. 30, 2005 issue

“Indian Boarding School”
Excerpted from Rachel’s Environment & Health Weekly newsletter, #671, “Columbus Day, 1999,” by Peter Montague (National Writers Union UAW Local 1981/AFL-CIO), with added section titles and notes where indicated.
The Beginnings of the Native Genocide

Columbus made four voyages to the New World. [1] The initial voyage reveals several important things about the man. First, he had genuine courage because few ship’s captains had ever pointed their prow toward the open ocean, the complete unknown. Secondly, from numerous of his letters and reports we learn that his overarching goal was to seize wealth that belonged to others, even his own men, by whatever means necessary.

Columbus’s Spanish royal sponsors (Ferdinand and Isabella) had promised a lifetime pension to the first man who sighted land. A few hours after midnight on October 12, 1492, Juan Rodriguez Bermeo, a lookout on the Pinta, cried out — in the bright moonlight, he had spied land ahead. Most likely Bermeo was seeing the white beaches of Watling Island in the Bahamas.

As they waited impatiently for dawn, Columbus let it be known that he had spotted land several hours before Bermeo. According to Columbus’s journal of that voyage, his ships were, at the time, traveling 10 miles per hour. To have spotted land several hours before Bermeo, Columbus would have had to see more than 30 miles over the horizon, a physical impossibility. Nevertheless Columbus took the lifetime pension for himself. [1,2]

Columbus installed himself as Governor of the Caribbean islands, with headquarters on Hispaniola (the large island now shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic). He described the people, the Arawaks (called by some the Tainos) this way:

“The people of this island and of all the other islands which I have found and seen, or have not seen, all go naked, men and women, as their mothers bore them, except that some women cover one place only with the leaf of a plant or with a net of cotton which they make for that purpose.

“They have no iron or steel or weapons, nor are they capable of using them, although they are well-built people of handsome stature, because they are wondrous timid…. [T]hey are so artless and free with all they possess, that no one would believe it without having seen it.

“Of anything they have, if you ask them for it, they never say no; rather they invite the person to share it, and show as much love as if they were giving their hearts; and whether the thing be of value or of small price, at once they are content with whatever little thing of whatever kind may be given to them.” [3, pg.63; 1, pg.118]

Added note:
In an ominous foreshadowing of the horrors to come, Columbus also wrote in his journal:

“I could conquer the whole of them with fifty men, and govern them as I pleased.”

After Columbus had surveyed the Caribbean region, he returned to Spain to prepare his invasion of the Americas. From accounts of his second voyage, we can begin to understand what the New World represented to Columbus and his men — it offered them life without limits, unbridled freedom.

Columbus took the title “Admiral of the Ocean Sea” and proceeded to unleash a reign of terror unlike anything seen before or since. When he was finished, eight million Arawaks — virtually the entire native population of Hispaniola — had been exterminated by torture, murder, forced labor, starvation, disease and despair. [3, pg.x]

A Spanish missionary, Bartolome de las Casas, described first-hand how the Spaniards terrorized the natives. [4] Las Casas gives numerous eye-witness accounts of repeated mass murder and routine sadistic torture.

As Barry Lopez has accurately summarized it,

“One day, in front of Las Casas, the Spanish dismembered, beheaded, or raped 3000 people.

‘Such inhumanities and barbarisms were committed in my sight,’ he says, ‘as no age can parallel….’

“The Spanish cut off the legs of children who ran from them. They poured people full of boiling soap. They made bets as to who, with one sweep of his sword, could cut a person in half. They loosed dogs that ‘devoured an Indian like a hog, at first sight, in less than a moment.’ They used nursing infants for dog food.” [2, pg.4]

This was not occasional violence — it was a systematic, prolonged campaign of brutality and sadism, a policy of torture, mass murder, slavery and forced labor that continued for CENTURIES.

“The destruction of the Indians of the Americas was, far and away, the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world,” writes historian David E. Stannard. [3, pg.x]

Eventually more than 100 million natives fell under European rule. Their extermination would follow. As the natives died out, they were replaced by slaves brought from Africa.

To make a long story short, Columbus established a pattern that held for five centuries — a “ruthless, angry search for wealth,” as Barry Lopez describes it.

“It set a tone in the Americas. The quest for personal possessions was to be, from the outset, a series of raids, irresponsible and criminal, a spree, in which an end to it — the slaves, the timber, the pearls, the fur, the precious ores, and, later, arable land, coal, oil, and iron ore — was never visible, in which an end to it had no meaning.”

Indeed, there WAS no end to it, no limit.

As Hans Koning has observed,

“There was no real ending to the conquest of Latin America. It continued in remote forests and on far mountainsides. It is still going on in our day when miners and ranchers invade land belonging to the Amazon Indians and armed thugs occupy Indian villages in the backwoods of Central America.” [6, pg.46]

In the 1980s, under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George Bush, the U.S. government knowingly gave direct aid to genocidal campaigns that murdered tens of thousands Mayan Indian people in Guatemala, El Salvador and elsewhere. [7]

The pattern holds.

Added note:
And still, in 2003, the genocide continues in Colombia, El Salvador and Guatemala.

Continuing the gruesome tradition of the 1980s, which also terrorized the people of Nicaragua, U.S. government-funded fascist paramilitaries mass-murder Indians in Central and South America to this day. The bestial carnage committed by Uncle Sham’s proxy armies includes countless disappearances, epidemic rape and torture. The Colombian paramilitaries have even made their own gruesome addition to the list of horrors: public beheadings.

This latest stage of the American Indian holocaust is enthusiastically supported by the cocaine-smuggling CIA, the Pentagon and all the rest of the United States Corporate Mafia Government.

The English/American Genocide

Unfortunately, Columbus and the Spaniards were not unique. They conquered Mexico and what is now the Southwestern U.S., with forays into Florida, the Carolinas, even into Virginia. From Virginia northward, the land had been taken by the English who, if anything, had even less tolerance for the indigenous people.

As Hans Koning says,

“From the beginning, the Spaniards saw the native Americans as natural slaves, beasts of burden, part of the loot. When working them to death was more economical than treating them somewhat humanely, they worked them to death.

“The English, on the other hand, had no use for the native peoples. They saw them as devil worshippers, savages who were beyond salvation by the church, and exterminating them increasingly became accepted policy.” [6, pg.14]

The British arrived in Jamestown in 1607. By 1610 the intentional extermination of the native population was well along. As David E. Stannard has written,

“Hundreds of Indians were killed in skirmish after skirmish. Other hundreds were killed in successful plots of mass poisoning. They were hunted down by dogs, ‘blood-Hounds to draw after them, and Mastives [mastiffs] to seize them.’

“Their canoes and fishing weirs were smashed, their villages and agricultural fields burned to the ground. Indian peace offers were accepted by the English only until their prisoners were returned; then, having lulled the natives into false security, the colonists returned to the attack.

“It was the colonists’ expressed desire that the Indians be exterminated, rooted ‘out from being longer a people upon the face of the Earth.’ In a single raid the settlers destroyed corn sufficient to feed four thousand people for a year.

“Starvation and the massacre of non-combatants was becoming the preferred British approach to dealing with the natives.” [3, pg.106]

In Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey extermination was officially promoted by a “scalp bounty” on dead Indians.

“Indeed, in many areas it [murdering Indians] became an outright business,” writes historian Ward Churchill. [5, pg.182]

Indians were defined as subhumans, lower than animals. George Washington compared them to wolves, “beasts of prey” and called for their total destruction. [3, pgs.119-120]

Andrew Jackson — whose [innocent-looking] portrait appears on the U.S. $20 bill today — in 1814:

“supervised the mutilation of 800 or more Creek Indian corpses — the bodies of men, women and children that [his troops] had massacred — cutting off their noses to count and preserve a record of the dead, slicing long strips of flesh from their bodies to tan and turn into bridle reins.” [5, pg.186]

The English policy of extermination — another name for genocide — grew more insistent as settlers pushed westward:

In 1851 the Governor of California officially called for the extermination of the Indians in his state. [3, pg.144]

On March 24, 1863, the Rocky Mountain News in Denver ran an editorial titled, “Exterminate Them.”

On April 2, 1863, the Santa Fe New Mexican advocated “extermination of the Indians.” [5, pg.228]

In 1867, General William Tecumseh Sherman said:

“We must act with vindictive earnestness against the [Lakotas, known to whites as the Sioux] even to their extermination, men, women and children.” [5, pg.240]

In 1891, Frank L. Baum (gentle author of “The Wizard Of Oz”) wrote in the Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer (Kansas) that the army should “finish the job” by the “total annihilation” of the few remaining Indians.

The U.S. did not follow through on Baum’s macabre demand, for there really was no need. By then the native population had been reduced to 2.5% of its original numbers and 97.5% of the aboriginal land base had been expropriated and renamed “The land of the free and the home of the brave.”

Hundreds upon hundreds of native tribes with unique languages, learning, customs, and cultures had simply been erased from the face of the earth, most often without even the pretense of justice or law.

Today we can see the remnant cultural arrogance of Christopher Columbus and Captain John Smith shadowed in the cult of the “global free market” which aims to eradicate indigenous cultures and traditions world-wide, to force all peoples to adopt the ways of the U.S.

Today’s globalist “Free Trade” is merely yesterday’s “Manifest Destiny” writ large.

But as Barry Lopez says,

“This violent corruption needn’t define us…. We can say, yes, this happened, and we are ashamed. We repudiate the greed. We recognize and condemn the evil. And we see how the harm has been perpetuated. But, five hundred years later, we intend to mean something else in the world.”

If we chose, we could set limits on ourselves for once. We could declare enough is enough.
Notes

1. J.M. Cohen, editor, The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus
London: Penguin Books, 1969; ISBN 0-14-044217-0

2. Barry Lopez, The Rediscovery of North America
Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1990; ISBN 0-8131-1742-9

3. David E. Stannard, American Holocaust: Columbus and the Conquest of the New World
New York: Oxford University Press, 1992; ISBN 0-19-507581-1

4. Bartolome de las Casas, The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account
translated by Herma Briffault
Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992; ISBN 0-8018-4430-4

5. Ward Churchill, A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the Present
San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1997; ISBN 0-87286-323-9

6. Hans Koning, The Conquest of America: How The Indian Nations Lost Their Continent
New York: Monthly Review Press, 1993, pg. 46.; ISBN 0-85345-876-6

7. For example, see Mireya Navarro, “Guatemalan Army Waged ‘Genocide,’ New Report Finds,”
NEW YORK TIMES, February 26, 1999, pg. unknown.
The NY Times described “torture, kidnapping and execution of thousands of civilians” — most of them Mayan Indians — a campaign to which the U.S. government contributed “money and training.”

SOURCE OF THIS ARTICLE

The following narrative is by Arthur Barlowe (1584, p.108), describing American Indians.

‘We found the people most gentle loving and faithful, void of all guile and treason, and such as lived after the manner of the Golden Age,…, a more kind and loving people there can not be found in the world.’

His description well fits our categories of Eastern cognitive styles: affiliative, personal, understanding, non-discursive. With predominance of the affective-cognitive belief system making one to marry for love, as contrasted with the cognitive-affective system typical of mental calculations prior to bestowing affection on the ‘loved one.’ Closeness associated with the tactile contact mode. Suspended critical appraisal and present time orientation, acting as limiting factors in carrying hatred ‘beyond the grave.’

General Philip H. Sheridan was the commander of the United States forces [...] he had plans of exterminating the buffalo. He thought this would kill the Plains Indians. “Kill the buffalo and you kill the Indians” he said.

David Stannard in his scholarly American Holocaust (1992, p. 232) writes:

From the earliest days of settlement, British men in the colonies from the Carolinas to New England rarely engaged in sexual relations with the Indians, even during those times when there were few if any English women available. Such encounters were viewed as a “horrid crime” and legislation was passed that “banished forever” such mixed race couples, referring to their offspring in animalistic terms.

The estimates of the number of victims of the American Holocaust differ. However, these differences show remarkable similarity with the controversy surrounding the Holocaust deniers who do not deny that Holocaust occurred, but try to diminish its extent. Thus, for instance, R. J. Rummel in his 1994 book Death by Government estimates the number of victims of the centuries of European colonization as low as 2 million.

Among the contemporary Holocaust deniers is also Gary North, who in his Political Polytheism (1989, pp. 257-258) asserts:

Liberals have adopted the phrase “native Americans” in recent years. They never, ever say “American natives,” since this is only one step away from “American savages,” which is precisely what most of those demon-worshipping, land-polluting people were. This was one of the great sins in American life, they say: “the stealing of Indian lands”. That a million savages had a legitimate legal claim on the whole of North America north of Mexico is the unstated assumption of such critics. They never ask the most pertinent question:

Was the advent of the Europeans in North America a righteous historical judgment of God against the Indians?

The European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the Native Americans. In the 15th to 19th centuries, their populations were ravaged, by the privations of displacement, by disease, and in many cases by warfare with European groups and enslavement by them. The first Native American group encountered by Columbus, the 250,000 Arawaks of Haiti, were enslaved. Only 500 survived by the year 1550, and the group was extinct before 1650.

Europeans also brought diseases against which the Native Americans had no immunity. Chicken pox and measles, though common and rarely fatal among Europeans, often proved fatal to Native Americans, and more dangerous diseases such as smallpox were especially deadly to Native American populations. It is difficult to estimate the total percentage of the Native American population killed by these diseases.

Epidemics often immediately followed European exploration, sometimes destroying entire villages. Some historians estimate that up to 80% of some Native populations may have died due to European diseases.
Wounded Knee Massacre

Sacheen Littlefeather

On March 27, 1973, a young woman took the stage at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California, to decline Marlon Brando’s Best Actor Oscar. She said that Marlon Brando cannot accept this award because of the treatment of American Indians by the film industry and the recent happenings at Wounded Knee.

Brando had written a fifteen-page speech to be given at the awards by Cruz, but when the producer met her backstage, he threatened to physically remove her or have her arrested if she spoke on stage for more than 45 seconds. The speech she read contained the lines:

Hello. My name is Sasheen Littlefeather. I’m Apache and I am president of the National Native American Affirmative Image Committee.

I’m representing Marlon Brando this evening, and he has asked me to tell you in a very long speech which I cannot share with you presently, because of time, but I will be glad to share with the press afterwards, that he very regretfully cannot accept this very generous award.

[...]

What kind of moral schizophrenia is it that allows us to shout at the top of our national voice for all the world to hear that we live up to our commitment when every page of history and when all the thirsty, starving, humiliating days and nights of the last 100 years in the lives of the American Indian contradict that voice?

In his autobiography Songs my Mother Told Me (1994, pp. 380-402) Marlon Brando, devotes several pages to the genocide of the American Indians, excerpted as follows:

After their lands were stolen from them, the ragged survivors were herded onto reservations and the government sent out missionaries who tried to force the Indians to become Christians. After I became interested in American Indians, I discovered that many people don’t even regard them as human beings. It has been that way since the beginning.

Cotton Mather compared them to Satan and called it God’s work – and God’s will – to slaughter the heathen savages who stood in the way of Christianity.

As he aimed his howitzers on an encampment of unarmed Indians at Sand Creek, Colorado, in 1864, an army colonel named John Chivington, who had once said that thelives of Indian children should not be spared because “nits make lice,” told his officers: “I have come to kill Indians, and believe it is right and honorable to use any means under God’s heaven to kill Indians.” Hundreds of Indian women, children, and old men were slaughtered in the Sand Creek massacre. One officer who was present said later, “Women and children were killed and scalped, children shot at their mother’s breasts, and all the bodies mutilated in the most horrible manner. The dead bodies of females were profaned in such a manner that the recital is sickening.

The troopers cut off the vulvas of Indian women, stretched them over their saddle horns, then decorated their hatbands with them; some used the skin of brave’s scrotums and the breasts of Indian women as tobacco pouches, then showed off these trophies, together with the noses and ears of some of the Indians they had massacred, at the Denver Opera House.

Alcohol-Attributable Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost Among American Indians and Alaska Natives — United States, 2001–2005

Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading preventable cause of death in the United States (1) and has substantial public health impact on American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations (2). To estimate the average annual number of alcohol-attributable deaths (AADs) and years of potential life lost (YPLLs) among AI/ANs in the United States, CDC analyzed 2001–2005 data (the most recent data available), using death certificate data and CDC Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI) software.* This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that AADs accounted for 11.7% of all AI/AN deaths, that the age-adjusted AAD rate for AI/ANs was approximately twice that of the U.S. general population, and that AI/ANs lose 6.4 more years of potential life per AAD compared with persons in the U.S. general population (36.3 versus 29.9 years). These findings underscore the importance of implementing effective population-based interventions to prevent excessive alcohol consumption and to reduce alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality among AI/ANs.

ARDI estimates AADs and YPLLs resulting from excessive alcohol consumption by using multiple data sources and methods.† AADs are generated by multiplying the number of sex- and cause-specific deaths (e.g., liver cancer) by the sex- and cause-specific alcohol-attributable fraction (AAF) (i.e., the proportion of deaths attributable to excessive alcohol consumption). For deaths that are, by definition, 100% attributable to excessive alcohol consumption (e.g., alcoholic liver disease), the total number of AADs equals the total number of deaths. For deaths that are 65 years.

During 2001–2005, an average of 1,514 AADs occurred annually among AI/ANs, accounting for 11.7% of all deaths in this population (Table). Overall, 771 (50.9%) of average annual AADs resulted from acute causes, and 743 (49.1%) from chronic causes. The leading acute cause of death was motor-vehicle traffic crashes (417 AADs), and the leading chronic cause was alcoholic liver disease (381). The crude AAD rate among AI/ANs was 49.1 per 100,000 population (25.0 for acute causes and 24.1 for chronic causes). Of all YPLLs, 60.3% resulted from acute conditions, and 39.7% resulted from chronic conditions. The leading acute cause of YPLLs was motor-vehicle traffic crashes (34.4% of YPLLs), and the leading chronic cause was alcoholic liver disease (21.2%).

Overall, 68.3% of AAD decedents among AI/ANs were men, and more AADs occurred among men than women in all age groups (Figure 1); 65.9% of AADs were among persons aged <50 years, and 6.9% were among persons aged <20 years. Of the YPLLs, 68.3% were among those aged 20–49 years.

By Indian Health Service statistical region, the greatest number of AADs occurred in the Northern Plains (497 AADs), South West (315), and Pacific Coast (230) regions, and the fewest AADs occurred in Alaska (86) (Figure 2). Age-adjusted AAD rates were highest in the Northern Plains (95.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 86.5–103.9), Alaska (92.6; CI = 72.4–112.8), and the South West (80.2; CI = 70.8–89.6), and were approximately four to five times higher than the rate in the East (19.2; CI = 15.8–22.6).

Age-adjusted AAD rates and the relative contributions of AADs to total deaths and total YPLLs were substantially higher for AI/ANs compared with the U.S. general population. The age-adjusted AAD rate per 100,000 for AI/ANs was 55.0 (CI = 52.1–57.9) versus 26.9 (CI = 26.7–27.1) for the U.S. general population. Furthermore, AADs accounted for 11.7% of total deaths among AI/AN versus 3.3% for the U.S. general population, and alcohol-attributable YPLLs accounted for 17.3% of total YPLLs for AI/ANs and 6.3% of total YPLLs for the U.S. general population. The average number of YPLLs per AAD also was higher for AI/ANs compared with the U.S. general population (36.3 years versus 29.9 years, respectively).

Reported by: TS Naimi, MD, Zuni Public Health Svc Hospital; N Cobb, MD, Div of Epidemiology; D Boyd, MDCM, National Trauma Systems, Indian Health Svc. DW Jarman, DVM, Preventive Medicine Residency and Fellowship Program; R Brewer, MD, DE Nelson, MD, J Holt, PhD, Div of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; D Espey, MD, Div of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; P Snesrud, Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities; P Chavez, PhD, EIS Officer, CDC.

Editorial Note:

This is the first national report of AADs and YPLLs among AI/ANs; the results demonstrate that excessive alcohol consumption is a leading cause of preventable death and years of lost life in this population. During 2001–2005, AI/ANs were more than twice as likely to die from alcohol-related causes, compared with the U.S. general population; 11.7% of AI/AN deaths were attributed to alcohol. These findings are consistent with those of previous studies (4,5) and might help account for the high rates of injury-related death (e.g., motor-vehicle traffic crashes) that have been observed in this population. The finding that AAD rates vary by region demonstrates that alcohol does not impact all AI/AN communities to the same extent. AI/ANs in specific regions (e.g., Northern Plains) have lower life expectancies; this is likely attributable, in part, to deaths from alcohol-attributable conditions (6).

To further address alcohol-attributable mortality among AI/ANs will require concerted action by multiple organizations and groups, including AI/AN communities, towns on nonreservation lands within and surrounding AI/AN communities, and national, state, and local health agencies. Bans on the sale and possession of alcoholic beverages on certain Indian reservations have been shown to reduce consumption and related harms (5), although the efficacy of such policies is influenced by access to alcohol in surrounding communities (7). Culturally appropriate clinical interventions for reducing excessive drinking (e.g., screening and counseling for excessive alcohol consumption and treatment for alcohol dependence) should be widely implemented among AI/ANs (7). In addition, tribal court systems, which deal with large numbers of alcohol-related crimes, should be better integrated with the health-care system and substance-abuse treatment programs.

The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. First, some AI/ANs might have been misclassified by race on death certificates, which would underestimate the total number of AI/AN deaths (8). In a 1996 Indian Health Service study, racial misclassification on death certificates of American Indians ranged from 1.2% in Arizona to 28.0% in Oklahoma and 30.4% in California (8). Second, this study did not use race-specific AAFs for most conditions, which might result in AAD underestimates for certain conditions (e.g., homicide and suicide) for which the AAFs are thought to be higher among AI/ANs (4). Third, ARDI does not estimate AADs for several conditions (e.g., tuberculosis, pneumonia, hepatitis C, and colon cancer) for which alcohol is believed to be an important risk factor but for which suitable pooled risk estimates are not available. Finally, bridged-race census estimates used in this report are based on multiple race categories; use of denominators based on other race categorization methods (e.g., 2000 U.S. Census data or tribal census data) would result in higher rates than reported.

Indian Health Service has initiated an alcohol screening and brief counseling intervention program to help reduce excessive alcohol consumption and related harms among AI/ANs in trauma settings. In addition, effective population-based interventions should be implemented to reduce excessive alcohol consumption in AI/AN populations. These include reducing alcohol availability by limiting outlet density, enforcing 21 years as the minimum legal drinking age (9), increasing alcohol excise taxes, and enforcing laws prohibiting sales to underage or already intoxicated persons, particularly in communities bordering reservations (10). Future efforts should explore regional differences in AADs and evaluate other intervention strategies for reducing alcohol-attributable mortality among AI/AN populations.

Acknowledgments

This report is based, in part, on data contributed by T Lindsey, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, National Highway Traffic Safety Admin, US Dept of Transportation; M Zack, Div of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease and Public Health Promotion; and C Rothwell and D Hoyert, National Center for Health Statistics, CDC.

References

1) Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 2004;291:1238–45.

2) May AP. The epidemiology of alcohol abuse among American Indians: the mythical and real properties. The IHS Primary Care Provider 1995;20:37–56.

3) Smith GS, Branas CC, Miller TR. Fatal nontraffic injuries involving alcohol: a metaanalysis. Ann Emerg Med 1999;33:659–68.

4) May PA, Van Winkle NW, Williams MB, McFeeley PJ, DeBruyn LM, Serna P. Alcohol and suicide death among American Indians of New Mexico: 1980–1998. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2002;32:240–55.

5) Landen MG, Beller M, Funk E, Propst M, Middaugh J, Moolenaar RL. Alcohol-related injury death and alcohol availability in remote Alaska. JAMA 1997;278:1755–8.

6) Murray CJ, Kulkarni SC, Michaud C, et al. Eight Americas: investigating mortality disparities across races, counties, and race-counties in the United States. PLoS Med 2006;3:e260.

7) Guthrie P. Gallup, New Mexico: on the road to recovery. In: Streicker J, ed. Case histories in alcohol policy. San Francisco, CA: Trauma Foundation; 2000.

8) Indian Health Service. Adjusting for miscoding of Indian race on state death certificates. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Indian Health Service; 1996.

9) Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Excessive alcohol consumption. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available at http://www.thecommunityguide.org/alcohol/default.htm.

10) Babor T, Caetano R, Casswell S, et al. Alcohol: no ordinary commodity. A summary of the book. Addiction 2003;98:1343–50.

* Available at http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/ardi.

† Available at http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/ardi/aboutardimethods.htm#aafs.

§ Available at http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/main/index.aspx.

¶ Available at http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/index.htm.

** Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss.htm.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Table

Native Resistance Chronology

Top left to bottom right: Crazy Horse, Emiliano Zapata, Geronimo, Chief Pontiac, Tecumseh, Túpac Amaru, Enriquillo, Chief Joseph, Túpac Amaru II, Quanah Parker, Cuauhtémoc, Sitting Bull

“One does not sell the earth upon which the people walk.” – Tashunka Witko (Crazy Horse)
Indigenous Resistance, 1960s-Present

Since the invasion of our territories began in 1492 our people have had to mobilize to defend our sovereignty. Indigenous Resistance has taken on many forms, and has revealed itself through the Pontiac Rebellion, Battle of Little Bighorn,The Ghost Dance, Riel Rebellion, American Indian Movement, Oka Crisis, the Zapitista Movement, Native Youth Movement etc.

However, when most settlers think back to the conquest of the territory that now makes the United States and Canada, most of them think that the end of the so-called “Indian Wars” as the cap of it, officially happening sometime around 1890. In that year some 300 unarmed Lakota men, women & children were massacred at Wounded Knee, South Dakota by the armed forces of the United States.

From this period until the 1950s, Native peoples were largely pacified & controlled by the colonial settler states. Native children were stolen from their families and thrown in schools in an act of genocide. Their cultures, languages and spiritual practices were annihilated by the white supremacist schooling in an effort to, by any and all means, assimilate Natives into white settler society.

Resistance by our people, and militant police action by the colonial state to suppress our resistance, did continue though. In 1924 Canada violently suppressed the traditional government of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, one of the few remaining traditional Native governments in the wake of the Indian Act.

For the most part however the protests of Natives consisted of lobbying the government for better treatment. In the 1950s things began to change. Largely inspired by the Black Civil Rights struggle in the U.S., Natives in both Canada and the U.S. also began organizing. In the south west, Native students began organizing, while in the Northwest, coastal Natives began asserting their treaty rights to fish. The Prairies and the Kanien’kehaka, or Mohawks, of Québec, Ontario and the U.S. lead the charge in this new militancy.

This movement was the first to occur outside the official sactioned band & tribal council system set up by both U.S. & Canadian governments (Native compradors). This early movement established a the basis for a grassroots network of conscious Natives opposed to colonization, and who were committed to maintaining their traditional culture & values, much of which had been lost in the forced schooling of Native children. This informal network formed the basis for the next phase of resistance which took off in the 1960s.

Its no historical mystery that the 1960s was a period marked by rebellion and a revolution on a global scale. Taking inspiration from the fierce resistance of the Vietnamese people against U.S. invasion & occupation, the Cultural Revolution in People’s China and the widespread revolt of students and workers in Europe, new social movements emerged, including the Black Panthers, and the women’s, students, queer liberation and anti-war movement.

It is from this period that the current Native resistance movement more or less emerged. In the 1980s things began to quiet down, but then Oka in 1990 exploded, reviving the movement for the last 20 years. This last 35-year period therefore forms an important part of our history as a movement.
A Timeline of Brown and Red Native Unity

I am of the firm belief that Chicanos/Mexicanos, who are a people representing both full blooded Natives as well as people of mixed Native and European, as well as African, descent should be rightly seen as Native people to North America alongside Indians, Metis and Inuit. They have had their cultures, their languages and their histories twice assaulted: first by the Spanish invaders of Mexico and the American south west, and second by the U.S. gringos following the seizure of northern Mexico. Many have lost their once organic relationship to their indigenous past, but their have always been pockets of resistance, and remembrance. During the height of the Red Power and Chicano Power movements there were many examples of powerful working relationships between brown and red Natives, and today that relationship continues on.

It is not the various names, logo’s, flags, patches, initiation ceremonies or individual groups we organize under that defines us. These things are not important. It is the institution of Indigenous Resistance that unifies us, brown and red, all into one Movement. In recognition of this I have included on this time line not just those actions and events by people called Native by the colonial state, but also those of our brown brothers and sisters.

Mexica Tiahui! Hoka Key!
1954

The U.S. Congress passed the Menominee Termination Act, ending the special relationship between the Menominee tribe of Wisconsin and the federal government. Following the termination of the Menominee the Klamath tribe in Oregon was terminated under the Klamath Termination Act. Finally The Western Oregon Indian Termination Act was enacted west of the cascade mountains. This termination was unique because of the number of tribes it affected. In all, 61 tribes in western Oregon were terminated. This total of tribes numbered more than the total of those terminated under all other individual acts.
1958

The U.S. Congress passed the California Rancheria Termination Act. Rancherias are unique Californian institutions referring to Indian settlements established by the U.S. government. The act terminates 41 of these settlements.
1964

An amendment to the California Rancheria Termination Act was enacted, terminating additional rancheria lands.
1967

The first Brown Beret unit is organized in December in East Los Angeles, California.
1968

At Kahnawake (ga-na-WAH-gay), a traditional Kanien’kehaka Singing Society is formed, which would later become the Mohawk Warrior Society. They begin to take part in protests & re-occupations of land. As well, a protest & blockade of the Seaway International Bridge (demanding recognition of Jay Treaty), at Akwesasne, ends with police attack & arrests of scores of Mohawks.

The American Indian Movement, a Warrior Society of urban Indians, is formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Inspired by the traditional Warrior Societies of nations like the Mohawk, and taking cues from the serve the people programmes of the Black Panthers, AIM establishes a community centre, and provides help to Indians in finding work, housing and legal aid. It also helps to organize early protests, and establishes a copwatch patrol. Although the most well known, AIM was just one part of a broad Native resistance movement that emerged at this time (sometimes referred to as Red Power). Other important groups to emerge out of this period are United Native Americans and United American Indians of New England.

The Brown Berets organized chapters throughout the states of California, Arizona, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico and as far away as Milwaukee, Chicago, Detroit, Minnesota, Ohio, Oregon, and Indiana, becoming a national organization.
1969

The event that really kicked things off for the Red Power Movement, the occupation of Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay. The occupation was largely in response to the U.S. Federal Government’s policy of Termination, which eliminated tribal status. The two guinea pigs for the policy, the Menominee of Wisconsin and the Klamath of Oregon, suffered terrible social and economic consequences. The action would last 19 months and be the first Indian protest to receive national & international media coverage. Thousands of Indians participated in the action, most coming from urban areas and searching for their identity.

In March, in Denver, Colorado the Crusade for Justice, a Chicano organization, organized the first National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference that drafted the basic premises for the Chicana/Chicano Movement in El Plan de Aztlán. The following month over 100 Chicanas/Chicanos came together at University of California, Santa Barbara to formulate a plan for higher education: El Plan de Santa Barbara. With this document they were successful in the development of two very important contributions to the Chicano Movement: Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán (MEChA) and Chicano Studies.
1970

AIM protests disrupt the re-enactment of Mayflower landing at Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts, gains national attention & helps AIM to expand. United American Indians of New England declared US Thanksgiving Day a National Day of Mourning. It becomes an annual protest.

The San Diego Brown Berets occupy the land that was to be a California Highway Patrol station in LoganHeights under the Coronado Bridge, forming Chicano Park.
1971

In Pennsylvania, unknown persons break into FBI office and take many classified documents. These revealed the existence of the Bureau’s Counter-Intelligence Program. COINTELPRO, as it was known, set up surveillance and organized repression against progressive social movements in U.S. The program initially targeted the African Liberation Movement, especially the Black Panthers, but would later also turn its eyes on the Red Power and Chicano Movements. It used imprisonment, assaults and lethal force to enforce the established order.

The Brown Berets marched one thousand miles from Calexico to Sacramento in “La Marcha de laReconquista” to protest statewide against racial and institutionalized discrimination, police brutality, andthe high number of Chicano casualties in Vietnam. The Brown Berets then embarc on a yearlong nationwide expedition in “La Caravana de la Reconquista” toorganize La Raza on a national scale to secure rights and self-determination for La Raza.

After much struggle by both the Chicano and the Indian communities (though not without some disagreement), D–Q University is founded. The two year college is path breaking in the way it openly treats Chicanos as tribal Native people. The school becomes home to members of the American Indian Movement, as well as a meeting place for MEChA.
1972

AIM and many other native groups organize the Trail of Broken Treaties. The TBT is a caravan that travelled from the west coast to Washington, D.C. When the caravan of several thousand activists arrived in Washington, government officials refused to meet with them. In response The Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters is occupied for 6 days. Extensive damage is done to the property and thousands of files taken.

In February of that year Raymond Yellow Thunder is killed by settlers in Gordon, Nebraska. His murderers are only charged with manslaughter, and were then released without bail. AIM organized several days of protests and boycotts, and succeeded in having actual murder charges laid against the settlers. The police chief fired. Yellow Thunder is from Pine Ridge, and this incident helps build a stronger relationship between AIM and traditional Lakotas on the reserve.

The Brown Berets reclaimed Isla de Santa Catalina in order to bring attention of the illegal occupation of theislands by the U.S. and to claim it on behalf of the Chicano people and to bring attention to the shortage ofhousing for the Chicano community. The U.S. has illegally occupied this and the other Archipelago Islandsknown as the Channel Islands since 1848 when they signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Brown Berets were infiltrated by sellouts and subversives working for outside organizations including butnot limited to the FBI, LAPD, CWP, ATF, and other “law enforcement” agencies and organizations workingto co-opt the Movimiento Chicano to serve their own agendas. The Brown Berets were disbanded by thethen Prime Minister David Sanchez in order to circumvent any violence the members of the organizationwhich was being promoted by those infiltrators mentioned above.
1973

Another Indian, Wesley Bad Heart Bull, is killed by another racist settler, this time in South Dakota. Again the perpetrator is only charged with manslaughter. On February 6, an AIM again protests against this kind of injustice. In Custer, SD, the protests cause the courthouse erupts into riot. Police cars and buildings are set on fire. 30 people arrested.

On the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, large numbers of police and US Marshals are deployed to counter the activities of AIM and traditionalist Lakotas opposed to the corrupt tribal president Dick Wilson. With the aid of U.S. government funing Wilson established a paramilitary force known as the Guardians of the Oglala Nation, called GOONs by AIM and its allies.

In a period beginning in this year and ending in 1976, some 69 members or associates of AIM were killed by the GOONs, BIA police and FBI agents in and around Pine Ridge.

Angered by the ongoing repression and violence, some 200 AIM memebers, supporters and traditionalist Lakota warriors begin an occupation of Wounded Knee on February 27. The government responds with a 71-day siege during which two Natives were shot and killed (Buddy Lamont & Frank Clearwater). The siege ends on May 9.

At Kahnawake in September, the Mohawk Warrior Society evicts non-Natives from the over-crowded reserve. This leads to armed confrontation with Québec police in October. Warriors begin to search for land to re-possess.
1974

A group of traditionalist Mohawks, along with veterans of the Wounded Knee occupation, begin an occupation of Ganienkeh in New York state. The warriors retake land and engage in an armed standoff with state police. Eventually, negotiations result in Mohawks taking a parcel of land in upstate NY (in 1977). Ganienkeh, a community run in accordance with ancient Six Nations tradition, continues to exist today.

In Canada, the Native People’s Caravan, modelled after Trail of Broken Treaties takes place form September 14 to 30, and heads from Vancouver, British Colombia to Ottawa. It ends with riot police attacking 1,000 Indian activists at Parliament Building.

Armed roadblocks and occupations occur at Cache Creek, British Colombia, and Kenora, Ontario.
1975

Perhaps the most famous incident of the period: the shootout at Oglala. At Oglala, on the Pine Ridge reservation, the FBI botched a raid on an AIM camp. The failed operation ends with 2 agents killed along with 1 Native defender (Joe Stuntz-Killsright). The FBI launched one of the largest man hunts in US history for AIM suspects afterwords.

Elsewhere, in Wisconsin, the Menominee Warrior Society occupied the abandoned Alexian Brothers novitiate building in Gresham, Wisconsin. The occupation lasted thirty four days and, when it ended, many leaders of the occupation faced criminal indictments and trials.
1976

In February, the body of Anna Mae Pictou-Aquash, a Mik’maq from Nova Scotia, Canada, and member of AIM, is found on the Pine Ridge reservation. Aquash was one of the most well known female members of AIM, a veteran of the BIA occupation and Wounded Knee. Despite an initial cover-up by the FBI, an independent autopsy finds that Aquash had been executed with a bullet in the back of the head. The FBI or GOONs are primary suspects. To this day no one knows for sure who killed Anna Mae, and her death has been used to tear the movement apart, with some fingering others within AIM, and others the government.

Two suspects in the FBI deaths at Oglala (Dino Butler & Bob Robideau) are found not guilty on grounds of self-defense. A third suspect, Leonard Peltier, is captured in Canada. Using false evidence, the FBI have Peltier illegally extradited to South Dakota.
1977

The trial of Leonard Peltier ends with his conviction of murder and imprisonment for 2 life terms. His conviction is based on FBI fabrication and withholding of evidence. Peltier remains in prison to this day, one of the longest held Prisoners of War in the U.S.
1981

On June 11, some 550 Québec Provincial Police raid Restigouche, a Mik’maq reserve of 1,700. Riot police carry out assaults and search homes for evidence of ‘illegal’ fishing. This is in response to complaints by white fishermen that the Mi’kmaq take more than their fair share of fish. This is despite the fact that the white fishermen take order of magnitude more fish than the Indians.

Unión del Barrio is formed. UdB is a Marxist-Leninist and revolutionary nationalist organization Raza organization. UdB expands the usual definition of La Raza to include the indigenous people of North America, making Brown and Red native unity part of its program.
1988

Over 200 Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), including riot & Emergency Response Teams, raided the Mohawk territory of Kahnawake. They claimed they are searching for illegal cigarettes. In response Warriors seized the Mercier Bridge, a vital commuter link into Montreal, part of which runs through the Kahnawake reserve.

In northern Alberta, the Lubicon Cree began road-blocks against logging and oil companies devastating their territory & way of life. A logging camp and vehicles are damaged by Molotov attacks. The struggle of the Lubicon continues to this day, now with the added threat of even greater ecological destruction and health effects at the hands of the Canadian Oil Sands.

In Labrador, Innu activists began protesting NATO fighter-bomber training at a Canadian military base. Many Innu were arrested during the blockade of runways.
1990

The Oka Crisis. Over 100 heavily-armed Québec provincial police raided a Mohawk blockade at Kanesatake/Oka on June 11. In an initial fire-fight, one cop is shot & killed. Following a 77-day armed standoff began. Eventually it came to involve 2,000 police and 4,500 Canadian soldiers, deployed against both Kanesatake & Kahnawake. The Oka Crisis inspired solidarity actions across country, including road and rail blockades and sabotage of bridges and electrical pylons.
1992

During protests against the 500-year anniversary of Columbus’ invasion of the Americas in October, dozens were arrested in Denver, Colorado. In San Francisco, riot cops fought running battles with protesters, who set 1 police car on fire and disrupted an official Columbus Day parade and re-enactment of his landing.
1993

Brown Berets are re-activated under the old Charter and Provisions as laid out by the previous BrownBeret National Organization.
1994

The Zapatista Rebellion begins. In Chiapas, Mexico, armed rebels of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation launched their New Year’s Day offensive, capturing 6 towns and cities. Comprised of Indigenous peoples, the EZLN declare war on the Mexican state and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In response, the government deployed 15,000 soldiers and killed several hundred civilians in attacks. Since 1994, the Zapatistas have continued to gain widespread support and sympathy throughout Mexico and the world. Along with Oka, the Zapatista uprising helps to inspire and drive 20 years of resurgence in the Indian movement in North America.
1995

Two major events took place this year in Canada. The first is in Ipperwash, Ontario, were an unarmed protest and re-occupation ended with Ontario police opening fire on the protesters. They kill one Indian, Dudley George, on September 6. The re-occupation had begun in 1993. The land, originally the Stoney Point reserve, was taken by the government during the second world war for use as a temporary army base. After the killing of Dudley George, the government admitted the peoples claims were justified. The second incident is the month-long siege that occured at Gustafsen Lake in the south-central Interior of British Colombia. It began after a settler attempted to evict Secwepemc sundancers from their traditional ceremonial grounds. Some 450 heavily-armed RCMP ERT, with armoured personnel carriers from the Canadian military, surround the rebel camp.
1997

The Native Youth Movement, a militant grouping of largely urban Indians inspired by the original AIM, founded a chapter in Vancouver, British Colombia. It was inspired by the year-long trial of Gustafsen Lake defenders, held near Vancouver. NYM soon began attending conferences, organizing protests, distributing information, etc. In April, NYM carried out 2-day occupation of BC Treaty Commission offices.
1998

The NYM branch in Vancouver carried out 5-day occupation of BCTC offices in April, and a 2-day occupation of Westbank band offices in Okanagan territory. Both of these are actions against treaty process.
1999

The NYM branch in Vancouver helped members of Cheam band, located near Chilliwack British Colombia, assert their right to fish on the Fraser River. NYM Warriors wear masks and camouflage uniforms. They also carry batons to deter Fisheries officers, who routinely harassed Cheam fishers. As a result of this the NYM forms security force. This later took on a life of its on and became the Westcoast Warrior Society.
2000

In May, members of the St’at’imc nation established Sutikalh camp near Mt. Currie, British Colombia, to stop a massive ski resort from being built on an untouched alpine mountain area.

At Burnt Church, New Brunswick, Mi’kmaq fishermen again attempted to assert their treaty rights to fish lobster in September & October. They were again met with repression from hundreds of police and fisheries officers. Members of Westcoast Warrior Society participated in defensive operations.

In October, Secwepemc established the first Skwelkwekwelt Protection Center to stop expansion of Sun Peaks ski resort, near Kamloops, British Colombia. Over the years, some 70 people are arrested and charged as a result of protests, roadblocks & re-occupation camps.

After decades of the struggle by the Indian community and its allies, the San Francisco Peaks are designated a Traditional Cultural Property, which allows it to be eligible for consideration as an official National Historic Register site.
2001

In May, a Secwepemc NYM chapter was established. A 2-day occupation of government office in Kamloops occured to protest selling of Native land.

In July, over 60 RCMP with ERT raided Sutikalh after a 10-day blockade of all commercial trucking on Highway 97. Seven persons are arrested.
2002

In December, Annishinabe in the northern Ontario community of Grassy Narrows began to blockade logging companies from destroying their traditional territory. The blockade becomes one of the longest in recent history, continuing through to the present, and directed primarily against Weyerhaeuser and Abitibi corporations.

In September, RCMP, including Emergency Response Teams and Integrated National Security Enforcement Team (INSET), raided the homes of West Coast Warrior Society members on Vancouver Island. They were allegedly searching for weapons.
2003

In April, homes of NYM members were again raided, this time in Bella Coola and Neskonlith, by RCMP including ERT. This time the cops took computers, address books & propaganda.
2004

In January, Mohawk warriors surrounded the Kanesatake police station after band chief brings in outside police forces to crackdown on political opposition. Over 60 police were barricaded inside station. Chief’s house and car are burned.

In June, RCMP INSET, along with Vancouver police ERT, arrested members of West Coast Warriors Society, for making legal purchase of firearms. Rifles and ammunition were seized in the bust. Shortly after, the West Coast Warrior Society was disbanded by its members. They cited the ongoing repression of them by the police.
2005

In January, members of the Tahltan in northern ‘British Columbia’ occupied the band office in Telegraph Creek in opposition to band’s involvement with mining and oil & gas corporations. In July they began blockading roads being used by construction machinery, and in September fifteen Tahltans including elders were arrested by the RCMP. The Tahltan continued their campaign, including blockades, through 2006 and 2007.
2006

On April 20, over 150 Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) attempted to forcibly remove a blockade at the Six Nations reserve territory near Caledonia, in southern Ontario. They violently arrest 16 Indians, using physical assaults, pepper spray & tasers. The Ontario Provincial Police are forced to withdraw however, as hundreds of Six Nations members converge on the site. More blockades were erected in the area, including on Highway 6, which consisted of burning tires, vehicles and dismantled electrical pylons, and mounds of gravel. A train bridge was also burned down. The next day on the Tyendinaga reserve, a Canadian National Railway line was blocked, cutting off a major freight and passenger line. The Six Nations members originally began their blockade to stop a housing development on land they claimed belongs to them. The blockades and land reclamation continue for over a year, with numerous conflicts with settlers and police occurring, as well as sabotage.

In July, Grassy Narrows Annishinabe protesters, along with members of the Rainforest action Network, blockaded the Trans-Canada Highway. Several persons were arrested.

This year also saw the founding the Wasasé Movement. Wasáse said about itself that it was “an intellectual and political movement whose ideology is rooted in sacred wisdom. It is motivated and guided by indigenous spiritual and ethical teachings, and dedicated to the transformation of indigenous people in the midst of the severe decline of our nations and the crises threatening our existence. It exists to enable indigenous people to live authentic, free and healthy lives in our homelands.” It is largely based on the thought and strategies for change laid in the book of the same name by University of Victoria professor Taiaiake Alfred, a Mohawk from Kahnawake. They are quite Gandhian in their outlook and approach, and due to its academic orientation, many warriors & grassroots organizers remained unexposed to the movement’s philosophy. The movement only last a few years before self-dissolving.
2007

On March 6, a massive Olympic flag that was being flown at the Vancouver City Hall was stolen just as a delegation from the International Olympic Committee arrived to inspect the city’s preparations for the 2010 Winter Olympics. A few days later, as the IOC tour ended, the Native Warrior Society released a communiqué claiming responsibility for taking the flag, including a photograph of three masked members standing in front of the Olympic flag and holding a Warrior flag. The group claimed the action in honour of Harriet Nahanee, a Native elder who passed away after being sentenced to two weeks imprisonment for taking part in a 2006 blockade of construction on the Sea-to-Sky highway in preparation for 2010.

This year also saw the attempt by a group of Lakota leaders to move for the unilateral withdrawal of the Lakota from the Treaties of 1851 and 1868 as permitted under the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, of which, the United States is a signatory. Their proposed independent nation is called the Republic of Lakotah.

On the June 29 a Day of Action was called by the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), the the national organization of the Indian Act band council chiefs across Canada. The AFN claimed the event as a huge success , with over 100,000 people participating, however most of the people participating in the actions, protests, and rallies were non-native, which speaks to the AFN’s inability to mobilize their people despite all the resources they have. In fact, many militant Native organizations, such as the Native Youth Movement, called a boycott of the Day of Action. These organizations, rightly, stated that the AFN does not represent our people and that, when they talk about solutions, their long-term goal is actually assimilation.

In December members of the Chaco Rio Indian community in New Mexico established a blockade to prevent preliminary work for proposed development of a massive coal-fired power plant.
2008

Across Canada the so-called Olympic “Spirit Train” was met with disruptions and protests at its stops by Native warriors and their non-Native allies. Across Canada other preparations for the 2010 Winter Olympics, set to take place on unceded Indian land, were disrupted by protesters.

The Mohawk Nation branch of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy at Kahnawake filed a formal complaint about the construction of Super Highway 30.
2009

The land reclamation effort at Caledonia by the Six Nations Haudenosaunee Confederacy entered its third year with the warriors showing no signs of backing down. It continues to be ongoing to this day.

Warriors of the Mohawk Nation branch of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy at Akwesasne – which straddles Ontario, Québec and New York State – expelled Canadian border guards at a crossing with the United States which passes through their territory, seizing control of the border station.

Native warrior, American Indian Movement leader and political prisoner Leonard Peltier is again denied parole by the colonial government in the United States. His next parol hearing will not be until the year 2024.
2010

In February Native warriors gathered with anti-capitalists/anti-imperialists, feminists, environmentalists and other social justice advocates to fight back against the Vancouver Winter Olympics which took place on unceded Coast Salish territory.

In July people in Oka and the nearby Mohawk community gathered to remember the resistance at Oka and to protest the ongoing attempts to marginalize the Mohawk people and take their land.

The Canadian Federal Government used an obscure part of the 1900 Indian Act to forcibly strip the Barrie Lake Algonquin of their traditional government, and replace it with a Band Council subservient to Ottawa. The Barrie Lake people met this imperialist-colonialist move with stiff resistance.

John Graham, a Native of the Yukon, and a former member of the American Indian Movement, is convicted of the murder of his former AIM comrade Anna Mae Pictou Aquash. As noted earlier, much of the evidence in the case points to Anna Mae’s death having been at the hands of the FBI.
2011

In June 500 agents of the colonial state invade sovereign Mohawk communities in Quebec. On paper they are looking for marijuana, but it much more likely that this is state terror tactics against some of the most firmly sovereigntist Native communities on the continent.

Source

Oglala Nationals Roadblock Oil Pipeline Trucks On Pine Ridge Rez

Oglala Nationals Roadblock Oil Pipeline Trucks On Pine Ridge Rez

March 7, 2012

http://intercontinentalcry.org/oglala-nationals-roadblock-oil-pipeline-trucks-on-pine-ridge-rez / 

March 5th, 2012, everyone had their ear to the new moccasin telegraph. Social networks, telephones, and word of mouth networks were abuzz with reports of Oglala Lakota Nationals preventing oil pipeline materials, destined for Canadian Tar sands and/or Keystone XL infrastructure locales or some unknown destination, from being transported across the Pine Ridge Reservation’s Treaty territory. Information travelled to Debra and Alex White Plume (Owe Aku, Inc. “Bring Back the Way) and Olowan Martinez that semi-trucks loaded with enormous oil pipeline components were set to cross Oglala territory sometime during the afternoon on March 5th, 2012; “We did not know where the equipment was going, but we knew that these trucks were too huge, too heavy, and too dangerous to pass our roads. We thought the equipment may be going to the Tarsands oil mine, or other oil mines in Canada,” Debra White Plume explained.

A call went out via digital media and other sources for all able bodied and willing participants to mobilize and report to Wanblee, South Dakota, for an impromptu gathering of scores of activists ready to block the road with their bodies to prevent semi-trucks and pipeline components from crossing Oglala Territory. Within minutes the confrontation happened as several State and Tribal police officers and other officials responded to the tense scene. Oglala Tribal police arrived immediately with one Sergeant telling the road-blockers that the South Dakota Highway Patrol was parked a few miles down the road at the border between Oglala Country and the State of South Dakota but that the SD Highway Patrol would not proceed onto the reservation. Notably, this Sergeant also advised those present that the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) was en route to the reservation in two vans from Rapid City, SD. However, at the conclusion of the day there were no signs of such FBI presence.

The Texas semi-trucks, transporting 1.25 Million-dollar “Treater Vessels” used in oil, gas and element separation, were stopped in their tracks as they approached the human roadblock. The human roadblock that featured two Lakota grandmothers: Renabelle Bad Cob Standing Bear (in her wheelchair) and Marie Randal (in her 90s). The drivers were questioned by those forming the blockade as to why they were crossing Oglala lands. One of the drivers responded that they did not know they were crossing Indian land, only that they were following company directives regarding their assigned routes and that their Canadian Corporation had received this particular route information as a result of a partnership with the State of South Dakota, whose elected officials have always supported the Keystone XL pipeline. This information prompted Tom Poor Bear (Vice President of the Oglala Lakota Nation) to phone South Dakota State officials in Pierre, SD, inquiring as to the nature and origin of the route of the stopped truckers. South Dakota affirmed to Oglala Vice President Tom Poor Bear that indeed the State was involved with planning such route, ostensibly without consulting the Oglala Lakota Nation. The heavy-hauling trucks were allegedly cutting through Oglala country in attempts to avoid a $50,000.00 per-truck-fee to pass through using State of South Dakota roadways.

During the roadblock, police ordered all those forming the road block to disperse. This command was heeded by most except those willing to sacrifice personal freedoms to make their statements against big oil and the continued mindless contamination of mother earth. The following individuals were ultimately arrested by Pine Ridge authorities for failing to obey commands: Debra White Plume, Alex White Plume, Sam Long Black Cat, Andrew Iron Shell, and Tyrel Iron Shell. The arrests were not without effect as the semi-trucks and their payloads were rerouted and escorted off by several Oglala sentries.

The protectors of the earth, all those present who succeeded in making a bold statement were backed by standing resolutions adopted by the Oglala Sioux Tribe and the Black Hills Sioux Nation Treaty Council incorporating the terms of the Mother Earth Accord. Additionally, those standing resolutions forbid any formal interaction with TransCanada and/or Keystone XL or other oil pipelines making overtures to the Oglala Lakota Nation and other landowners throughout the center of Turtle Island (North America).

Lastrealindians was able to catch up with Olowan Sara Martinez and Debra White Plume to piece together the days happening for our readers’ benefit. Olowan Sara Martinez recalled the steadfast manner in which the modern warriors of the Oglala Lakota responded “it’s clear that our people will stand by each other when our land is threatened”, said Martinez.

Debra White Plume of Owe Aku, Inc. summed up the peoples’ sentiment when she said “It is always good to see that we’re still Indigenous. We will never stop caring for mother earth. When the call went out asking for help, the response was immediate. People from the community of Wanblee – [a major traditional stronghold during the tension and violent filled 1970s between the federally backed goon squads and the American Indian Movement backed traditionals *context provided by Lastrealindians ] poured out in numbers offering huge pots of soup, coffee, and other provisions for anyone willing to take a stand. The people will always help each other.”

Lastrealindians was advised that since Oglala President Steele is currently in Washington, DC on official business, Oglala Vice President, Tom Poor Bear, is calling a meeting of the Tribal Council, today March, 6, 2012, to address the roadblock circumstances and any future occurrences of this sort. The Oglala Tribal Council and In-house attorneys are drafting legislation to prohibit heavy trucks from coming onto the reservation as this writing happens; “It does not matter what trucks are carrying, if they are this big and heavy they are too dangerous for our roads”, Debra White Plume reiterated. Lastly, the Oglala Tribal Council will consider legislation prohibiting any vessels or equipment to be used in Tarsands oil development from crossing Oglala Territory.

Chase Iron Eyes is the Owner and Founding Writer at LastRealIndians.com, a new authentic media project that offers fresh, incisive takes on relevant, hard hitting subjects impacting Indian country and the world.

This article was originally published at Lastrealindians.com. Republished with permission

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Read this online: http://intercontinentalcry.org/oglala-nationals-roadblock-oil-pipeline-trucks-on-pine-ridge-rez/

Innerview Mosi Ngozi

Innerview Mosi Ngozihttp://www.scribd.com/embeds/50992322/content?start_page=1&view_mode=list(function() { var scribd = document.createElement(“script”); scribd.type = “text/javascript”; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = “/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js?1300395014″; var s = document.getElementsByTagName(“script”)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })();